CUSHNY

CUSHNY Arthur Robertson (Arthur Robertson Cushny, 1866-1926), professor of pharmacology in Ann Arbor, London, and Edinburgh. Student of Kronecker and Schmiedeberg (H. Kronecker, O. Schmiedeberg); to the latter K. dedicated his widely used textbook: "Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics or the action of drugs in health and disease" (8th ed., Philadelphia-N.Y., 1924; Russian edition in preparation). Among K.'s numerous scientific investigations, his monographs on urine secretion and on the action of cardiac medications are particularly important. In the first of these ("The secretion of urine", 2nd ed., L., 1926), K.'s theory is presented, which represents a further development of Ludwig's filtration-reabsorption theory; in the second ("The action and uses in medicine of digitalis and its allies", L., 1925), the results of the author's work are presented. K.'s research on optically active isomers is also of considerable interest. Among K.'s other works, mention should be made of his work on the relationship between the structure of substances, their physical properties, and biological action; his work on the biological vaporization of medicinal substances; on drug antagonism; and a number of studies of various substances (gelsemine, sparteine, strychnine, aconitine, etc.). K. also wrote three chapters ("The Nitrite Group", "The Atropine Group", "Ergot") in the well-known "Handbook of experimental pharmacology", ed. by A. Heffter (Vol. I and II, Part 2, B., 1923-24). Together with Abel, K. founded and edited the "Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics" (Baltimore, from 1909).