Clark Element

CLARK ELEMENT (L. Clark) was used as a standard cell until it was replaced by the more convenient Weston cell. The C. e. consists of 10% zinc amalgam, which is in contact with a saturated solution of zinc sulfate. The latter is in contact with mercurous sulfate, which in turn is in contact with mercury. The electromotive force E of the Clark element at temperature t is equal to: E= 1.4328-0.00119 (t-15)-0.000007. .(<-15)². Its temperature coefficient is significantly greater than that of the Weston cell. A modification of the C. e. is a very convenient standard element for physiological purposes, in which the electrodes are zinc and mercury. The mercury is covered with calomel, above which is placed a concentrated solution of zinc chloride (specific gravity 1.409), into which is immersed an amalgamated zinc rod. This element is very convenient because its electromotive force is equal to one volt. The element consists of a tube R, at the bottom of which mercury Q is poured; above it is a layer of calomel K and a solution of zinc chloride L with the zinc electrode Z (see figure). CLAUDEN, a patented hemostatic agent. Used for various types of bleeding and hemorrhagic diatheses. Proposed by Fischl. Isolated from animal lung tissue. The use of C. is based on the coagulating action of thrombokinase contained in animal organs. Initially, C. was sold as a powder, then the firm Luitpoldwerk (Munich) began to manufacture a 2^½% solution of C. in ampoules of 2.5-10 cm³. Used orally, intramuscularly, and intravenously in amounts of 5-10 cm³. Acts more quickly when administered intravenously. Clauden is also used for prophylactic purposes. Most authors note the favorable effect of Clauden.