LIPMANN

LIPMANN Hugo (Hugo Liepmann, 1863-1925), noted German psychiatrist, clinician, and pathophysiologist, professor at the University of Berlin. Liepmann's works are divided into two groups: works on psychiatry and works on pathology of the large brain. The first are few in number and concern almost exclusively questions of general symptomatology. This includes Liepmann's dissertation, written in Jolly's clinic (1895), where among other things the well-known 'Lipmann symptom' is described in detail--pressure on the eyelids of closed eyes in delirious patients causes the appearance of visual hallucinations. From 1895 to 1899, Liepmann worked in Breslau with Wernicke and from this time mainly concerned himself with questions of pathology of the large brain, especially questions of pathology of higher functions of speech (aphasia) and action (praxis). In the doctrine of aphasia, Liepmann belongs to the detailed development of the so-called pure sensory aphasia and the development of a general scheme of aphasic disorders, introducing essential corrections to the classical Wernicke-Lichtheim scheme. The main merit of Liepmann lies in his isolation of the apraxic symptom-complex. Through his work on apraxia, he not only enriched symptomatology with a new syndrome but also gave a new approach to the study of various questions of pathology of the large brain. Liepmann's principal works: 'Uber die Delirien der Alkoholisten' (Diss., B., 1895); 'Ein Fall von reiner Sprachtaubheit' (Breslau, 1898); 'Uber Ideenilucht' (Halle, 1904); 'Uber Storungen des Handelns bei Gehirnkranken' (B., 1905); 'Drei Aufsatze aus dem Apraxiegebiet' (B., 1908).