Salol

SALOL, phenyl salicylate, salicylic acid phenyl ester, Phenylum salicyl., C₆H₄(OH).COOC₆H₅ [1,2] (FUP), a white crystalline powder with a weak aromatic odor and characteristic taste, almost insoluble in water, soluble in 10 parts of alcohol, easily in chloroform, and very readily in ether. It melts at about 42^°C after drying over sulfuric acid. The alcoholic solution of S. turns violet upon addition of a dilute solution of ferric chloride. S. should not turn moist blue litmus paper red (salicylic acid), and after shaking 1 part with 50 parts of water, it should give a colorless filtrate that does not change upon addition of a dilute solution of ferric chloride (sodium salicylate, salicylic acid, phenol), nor should it give a reaction for chlorides with sulfuric acid. Of the kinds of fat used in medicine. Titre of fat 43-15 43.2-46.1 34-40 Saponification number Iodine number for kidney fat 1193.0-200.0 35.6-45.0 192.0-196.0 38.0-46.0 33.8-34.1 1195.1-200.5 1193.0 193.0-202.5 -199.0 193.0-201.0 190.0-191.6 39.0-55.1 184.0-198.0 57.7-71.5 99.0-107.0* 71.0-75.0 57.0-68.0* 15.0-61.0 for subcutaneous fat according to D. Kurbatov to Indication- butter- ! fraction- S m^tra > Zeiss at 40°" I 49 43.7 53.0 51-53 50-51.2 62.4 50.0-50.6 Kinds of fat Kinds of fat Beef fat . . Mutton fat . Goat fat **.. Bear fat Badger fat Human fat Pork fat . Bone fat Goose fat . at 15° 0.943-0.953 0.937-0.961 0.913-0.921 0.922-0.933 0.918* 0.931-0.938 0.931-0.938 0.928-0.930 at 100° 0.860-0.861 0.858-0.860 0.861-0.8614 Melting point 40-18° 44-51° 30-32° 30-35° 17.5° 35-48° 37-15° 26.6-34° Titre of fat 43-15 43.2-46.1 34-40 SAPONIFICATION NUMBER 1193.0- 192.0- 195.1- 193.0- 193.0- 193.0- 190.0- 184.0- 200.0 -196.0 -200.5 -202.5 -199.0 -201.0 -191.6 -198.0 * No certainty that these numbers refer to kidney fat. are close to the constants of mutton fat. introduced by Nentsky in 1886 as a preparation of salicylic acid and phenol, devoid of the bad taste and irritating properties of the latter and less toxic. Taken orally, due to its almost complete insolubility in stomach contents, it passes through the stomach without irritating it and enters the intestine unchanged. In the intestine, under the influence of alkalis, pancreatic enzyme, and bacteria, it decomposes, yielding 40% phenol and 60% salicylic acid. Hydrolysis occurs gradually and relatively slowly, and the phenol and salicylic acid obtained from the decomposition of S. are rapidly absorbed and then excreted in the urine, which after large doses acquires the character of phenolic urine, becoming dark green (especially from the surface and upon standing), which is due to the formation of dark-colored oxidation products of phenol. Due to the slow decomposition of S. in the intestine, as well as the rapid absorption of decomposition products, the irritating effect of S. on the intestine is not sharply expressed. The decomposition of S. in the intestine is subject to individual variations, and sometimes some undecomposed S. may be found in the feces. With prolonged use of S., the formation of "salol stones" in the intestine is possible, which can even cause symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction (pain, vomiting). When S. was introduced into practice, its disinfecting effect on the intestine was expected, and it was recommended for a number of intestinal infections (typhoid fever, tuberculosis, cholera, especially childhood diarrhea), however, due to the rapid absorption of decomposition products of S., its disinfecting effect on the intestine is not particularly great. It should be noted that the hydrolysis of S. under the influence of alkalis and pancreatic enzyme proceeds so slowly that it is inferior in effect on putrefactive bacteria in in vitro experiments to sodium salicylate and Magisterium Bismuti (Sollmann). Some decomposition of S. also occurs under the influence of women's milk, which is why when used in infants, gastric symptoms are sometimes observed. According to the research of Kumagawa, the content of indoxyl in urine (a measure of putrefactive processes in the intestine) does not decrease with the administration of S., just as the number of bacteria in the feces remains extremely large. According to most authors, its use as an antiseptic for the urinary tract, especially the bladder, is of much greater significance than for intestinal disinfection. Unlike urotropine, which acts only in acidic urine, one or another reaction of the latter does not hinder the action of S. Some authors (Sollmann), however, even in this case, consider S. to be weakly acting. As an anti-rheumatic agent, S. acts weaker and less reliably than sodium salicylate. In this case, its dosage should be more limited due to the possibility of poisoning with phenol. However, when used in moderate doses, due to the aforementioned slowness of decomposition of S., the side effects observed when taking salicylates occur less readily. The use of S. as an external wound antiseptic, according to Keneni and Zolman, is hardly rational, since wound exudate does not hydrolyze S., which here decomposes very slowly only under the influence of bacteria; on the other hand, according to older research (Sahli and others), the decomposition of S. in a weakly alkaline medium and with the addition of tissue products occurs energetically. S. was proposed as a means of determining the motor function of the stomach (Ewald). The time interval between taking S. (with a test breakfast) and the appearance of a reaction to salicylic acid in the urine (coloring from ferric chloride) is measured. If the reaction occurs later than 75 minutes, the motor function of the stomach is reduced. According to Keschni, this test is unreliable, because some, although small, part of S. decomposes in the stomach, and the reaction in the urine may appear before the food pulp and S. enter the intestine. Since S. is almost insoluble in the stomach, it is sometimes used to coat pills, if it is desirable that they pass through the stomach unchanged. The layer of S. on the pills should be sufficiently thick in this case. When S. is taken in excessively large doses, poisoning has been observed, the symptoms of which correspond to phenol poisoning (especially kidney damage). Side effects sometimes observed with moderate doses (e.g., hearing disturbances) are explained by the action of salicylic acid. When prescribing S. in the form of powders or tablets, it is useful to mix it with indifferent substances (e.g., starch) to prevent the particles of S. from sticking together and forming stones. Children are sometimes given an emulsion of S. in oil. Doses for adults: 0.3-0.5-1.0 several times a day; for joint rheumatism, 1.0 several (5-6) times a day. Externally in ointments (5%).

A. Likhachev..