Aerophiles

AEROPHILES (from Greek aer — air, and philia — love), microorganisms requiring a high oxygen concentration for their development, in contrast to aerophobes, for which the limit of tolerable oxygen concentration is negligibly small. This subdivision, proposed by Beyerinck and Meyer, which is more scientifically precise, could not, however, supplant the habitual division of microorganisms into aerobes and anaerobes introduced earlier by Pasteur (see Anaerobiosis, Bacteria). B., under the letter B in the pharmacopoeia, is a list of potent substances for the storage and dispensing of which special rules exist, as well as for substances from list A (see). The rules are intended to protect the population from poisoning or harm to health that may occur when taking substances in an improper dose, by mistakenly taking one substance instead of another, or with prolonged use. All substances of list B are specially marked in the pharmacopoeia, and in the pharmacy tax schedule are designated with a '+' sign and are stored in pharmacies separately, in special cabinets with the inscription "Heroica" — potent. They are not subject to dispensing without a doctor's prescription and cannot be repeatedly dispensed on prescription copies without the doctor's signature. As an exception to this general rule, the People's Commissariat of Health issued a circular (dated September 24, 1926, No. 156) which permits local health departments to establish a list of potent substances commonly used in the given locality, the dispensing of which may be temporarily permitted even without a doctor's prescription. When prescribing a potent substance in a dose exceeding the maximum single dose, the physician is obliged to indicate the amount of this substance in words with the addition of an exclamation mark. If this is not observed by the physician and it is impossible for the pharmacy to communicate with him, the pharmacy dispenses the substance in a dose corresponding to half of the maximum single dose. Prescriptions containing potent substances must indicate the method of use; without this indication, the medicine is not to be dispensed. According to the circular of the People's Commissariat of Health of March 4, 1925, when prescribing potent or poisonous substances for persons under 18 years and over 60 years of age, the patient's age must also be indicated in the prescription. List B includes the following medicinal substances: Acetanilidum, Acidum chromicum, Ac. diaethyl-barbituricum, Ac. hydrochloratum purum, Ac. nitricum fumans, Ac. nitricum purum, Ac. sulfuricum, Ac. trichloraceticum, Adalinum, Aether pro narcosi, Aether purus, Aethylmorphinum hydrochloricum, Aethylum bromatum, Aethylum chloratum, Amygdalinum, Amylum nitrosum, Antipyrinum, Aqua Amygdalarum amararum, Argentum colloidale, Argentum nitricum,