Anoplocephalosis

Anoplocephalosis, a helminthic disease of mammals, birds, and reptiles, caused by tapeworms of the family Anoplocephalidae. The following morphological characteristics of this family have diagnostic significance: an unarmed scolex, short segments, the width of which significantly exceeds the length; genital pores either alternating or unilateral; when female genital glands are duplicated, the genital pores are bilateral; numerous testes; in some genera, the uterus has the form of a sac or network (subfamily Anoplocephalinae), in others the uterus breaks down into capsules (subfamily Linstowinae), finally, the third subfamily (Thysanosominae) is characterized by the presence of an organ around the uterus. The eggs of many anoplocephalids are equipped with a pear-shaped apparatus, which is a thickened shell surrounding the oncosphere, provided with outgrowths. The developmental cycle has not yet been elucidated. Species parasitic in domestic herbivores (cattle and horses) have practical importance, sometimes causing entire epizootics of A., especially among young sheep and goats, with mortality often exceeding 80%. In humans, one species parasitizes, Bertiella satyri (Blanch., 1891), a parasite belonging to the subfamily Anoplocephalinae. In addition to humans, it also parasitizes orangutans. It is diagnosed by eggs excreted with feces, reaching 0.045-0.05 mm in diameter, the oncosphere of which, having 0.015-0.018 mm in diameter, is characterized by a pear-shaped apparatus with two short outgrowths. The closely related Bertiella studeri (Blanch., 1891) parasitizes chimpanzees. In horses, the following parasites are found: Anoplocephala magna (Abild., 1789) and Anoplocephaloides mammillana (Mehlis, 1831) - in the small intestines and Anoplocephala perfoliata (Golze, 1782) - in the large intestines. In cattle, sheep, and goats, the most common causative agent of A. are Moniezia expansa, M. planissima and Thysaniezia ovilla (Riv., 1878). Moniezia is diagnosed by double genital pores on the segment, and Thysaniezia by ordinary ones. In the USSR they are found in the most diverse regions, causing epizootics of A. - In 1927, experiments were conducted on the treatment of sheep (Nizhny Novgorod province, A. M. Petrov), which revealed the good effect of the drug Extr. filicis maris.

k. Sryabya.