Bloodstains

Bloodstains, see Substantive Evidence. KROGH August (August Krogh, born in 1874), a major contemporary physiologist, professor at the University of Copenhagen. Numerous works by K. are devoted to the physiology of respiration, blood circulation, and metabolism. A number of K.'s studies concern the changes that occur in the human body under the influence of physical work; therefore, K.'s works have outstanding significance for questions of labor physiology. In K.'s works, the brilliant methodological elaboration of very complex problems is remarkable. Many methods developed by K. (for example, determining the minute volume of blood ejected by the heart) have been adopted in the practice of all physiological laboratories. Instruments bearing K.'s name are also widely used (for example, the spirometer, farad-ergometer, differential manometer). Of particular importance are the works of Krogh, awarded the Nobel Prize in 1920, on the tone of capillaries. Here K. first showed the full significance of the opening and closing of capillaries for the distribution of blood, in particular for the blood supply to working muscles. The results of these works are given in K.'s monograph "Anatomie u. Physiologie der Capillaren" (Berlin, 1924; Russian edition - Moscow, 1927).