BOROVOYE

BOROVOYE, state climate and kumys-therapeutic resort, located in the eastern part of the Kokchetav district of the Akmolinsk region (Kazakh ASSR), 265 km southeast of the city of Petropavlovsk and 350 km from the city of Omsk. Geographic position: 53° north latitude and 70° east longitude from Pulkovo. Elevation above sea level: 482.2 m. The resort is located on the shore of a lake of the same name, on the southeastern slope of Mount Buylyk-Tau, in a semicircle of the Kokchetav mountains, which are the northern part of the Kirgiz mountain country and the watershed ridge of the Irtysh River and the Aral Sea. The mountains are a weathered granite massif in the form of mountain ridges covered with dense pine forest, representing remnants of the Siberian taiga. Being a rare picturesque mountain-forest oasis among the surrounding steppes, with numerous cliffs, rocks, and charmingly beautiful lakes, B. has been named the 'Switzerland of Siberia'. In B. there are about 80 lakes; of the large ones, the following should be noted: Maloye Chebachye (7 km in length and 2.5 km in width), Bolshoye Chebachye (7 km in length and 2.5 km in width), Borovoye (4 km in length and 2 km in width), and Lake Shchuchye (about 9 km in length and 4 km in width). The resort is located on the isthmus between Lake Borovoye and Lake Bolshoye Chebachye. From the north, northwest, and northeast, B. is protected from cold winds by mountains, while from the south it is widely open to the action of the sun and warm air currents from the Turkestan steppes. The favorable location, altitude, soil characteristics, abundance of coniferous forests and lakes that moderate and equalize the climate, excellent swimming opportunities, and high insolation place B. among the outstanding climate stations with a continental climate of middle latitudes. Systematic meteorological data are being collected. According to available observations, the average atmospheric pressure from April to October is about 730 mm; a small amount of precipitation (about 300 mm); relative air humidity from 70 to 77%. The most important therapeutic factor is kumys. In the virgin feather-grass steppes surrounding B., herds of Kirgiz mares graze, from whose milk therapeutic kumys is prepared. The old Kirgiz method of preparing kumys in 'tursuks' (leather bags made from dried horsehide) is now being replaced by laboratory preparation in a recently equipped kumys laboratory. In addition to climate conditions and kumys therapy, Borovoye K I) P 1> Л II K possesses natural therapeutic riches that are the subject of scientific study. These include: a group of mud and salt lakes (Balpashi) with a thick deposit of therapeutic mud, a group of mineral lakes with a high content of Glauber's salt (Oraz-Ulkun-Sor and Oraz-Dzarty-Sor), the salt-alkaline lake Mai-Balyk, and iron-rich springs. The balneological value of the resort has been the subject of special study in the last 10 years (Kurlow, Lavrow, Orlow and others). Experimental-clinical development of the application of waters and muds has begun (Lomowicki, Zarnitsyn). In recent years, mud therapy has been introduced in a small bathhouse. To protect the therapeutic resources of the resort, a mountain-sanitary protection zone with a radius of 37 km, divided into 3 protective zones, was established in 1920. The improvement of the resort requires significant capital works. Since 1928, the construction of new sanatoriums has been planned. The resort has 70 small one-story buildings of the cottage type, located in a pine park on the mountain slopes. The capacity of the fund is 340 beds. The following are indicated for treatment at the resort, mainly: initial stages of fibro-productive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (without a tendency to hemoptysis and with temperature within the range of low-grade fever), dry, subacute and chronic pleurisy, gastrointestinal diseases in tuberculosis patients accompanied by decreased secretion or decreased function of the gastrointestinal tract; general exhaustion and anemia after severe illnesses. Patients are distributed at the resort according to the nature of the disease in corresponding sanatoriums. Treatment is carried out by specialist doctors under the supervision of a consultant. The sanatorium regime and dietary table are strictly observed. Kumys is administered twice a day. Sun therapy, swimming, and physical culture under medical supervision. A control-biometric cabinet has been organized. For private patients, there is a polyclinic with specialized reception and a laboratory. The treatment season is from May 25 to September 25. Routes of communication: to Petropavlovsk with a transfer to Borovoye, from where 27 km by automobile, or to Omsk, which is connected to B. by regular automobile service.