Crystalloids
Historical document, translated for reference. It reflects medical knowledge of the 1920s–30s and is not medical advice.
Summary
This 1930s encyclopedia article defines crystalloids as substances introduced by Graham that crystallize from solutions, diffuse easily, and pass through animal membranes, contrasting them with colloids.
Encyclopedia entry (1928–1936)
CRYSTALLOIDS, a term introduced by Graham to designate substances that precipitate from solutions in the form of crystals and, in a dissolved state, are capable of diffusing and passing through animal membranes and similar artificial membranes. Graham contrasted crystalloids with the second large group of soluble substances—colloids (see Colloids, colloidal chemistry).
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“Crystalloids.” Soviet Medical Encyclopedia. English translation of Bolshaya Meditsinskaya Entsiklopediya, 1st ed. (Moscow, 1928–1936), ed. N. A. Semashko. https://sovietmedicalencyclopedia.pages.dev/article/crystalloids/