Hapsal

HAPSAL (in Estonian Raapsalalin), a city (about 3,500 inhabitants) and seaside and mud resort in Estonia, on the Baltic Sea; located (2-10 m above sea level) on the V.M.E. t. VI. s spit, extending south into Hapsal Bay. The climate is moderate, maritime, with average temperatures in June of 13-17.1°C, in July 18.2-21.9°C, and in August 15.1-17.1°C. The annual amount of precipitation, on average, does not reach 500 mm. It is protected from north and north-west winds by the forest island of Worms and the Nukke peninsula. The prevailing winds are southern and south-western. The water temperature is comparatively high: on average, 21°C in June and 22°C in July, which is explained by its protected position and shallowness; salt content is 0.58%; there are almost no beaches. The bottom is sandy, partly with rubble, partly muddy. Mud covers the bottom of the bays and coves adjacent to H. The supply is large. It is used for baths [12-1,000 liters (1-8 buckets) per 1 sea bath] and in the form of compresses. There are two mud and water treatment establishments. There are many pensions, villas, and dining rooms. Indications: chronic rheumatism, women's diseases, tuberculosis of bones, joints, and lymph glands; H. is known as a children's resort. Season from June 1 to September 15.