Holocaine

HOLOCAINE, Holocainum, a synthetically obtained base from phenacetin and phenetidine with the formula C₂H₅O.C₆H₄NH.CO-CH₃ + C₂H₅O.C₆H₄NH₂ = H₂O + C₂H₅O.C₆H₄NH.C₆H₄O.C₂H₅. A colorless crystalline powder, melting at 121°, insoluble in water. Hydrochloride H.--a white crystalline powder, soluble in water (1:40); the solution has a neutral reaction and possesses antiseptic properties, therefore it does not require sterilization. A 1% solution of hydrochloride H., when applied to the cornea for 1/2-1 minute, causes anesthesia lasting 10-15 minutes, during which H. does not dilate the pupil, does not affect accommodation, does not constrict blood vessels, and does not dry the epithelium of the cornea, which distinguishes it from cocaine. At the moment of application of hydrochloride H. to the cornea, some irritation and a burning sensation in the eye are observed. H. is very poisonous, therefore the danger of general intoxication with it is higher than with cocaine. Holocaine is used almost exclusively in eye diseases, while avoiding subcutaneous injections.