Rollier, Auguste; Romanovsky, Dmitry Leonidovich

ROLLIER, Auguste (born 1874), a world-famous Swiss heliotherapist. For a number of years, he worked as an assistant at the Kocher clinic in Bern. Since 1928, he has been a professor (professeur honoraire) at the University of Lausanne. Before Rollier, the final results in the surgical treatment of bone and joint forms of tuberculosis remained completely insufficient, both in terms of the durability of the cure and the absence of relapses, and in terms of preserving the function of the affected joint. This prompted Rollier to switch to systematically conducted helio-aerotherapy. In 1903, Rollier founded a sanatorium in the mountains in Leysin (see), where almost exclusively conservative treatment of so-called "surgical" tuberculosis was conducted. The brilliant results obtained by Rollier contributed significantly to the development of heliotherapy, especially for extrapulmonary tuberculosis. A great merit of Rollier is that, having proven the high effectiveness of heliotherapy, he also developed its technique and methodology and worked out a number of issues in photobiology and phototherapy. He pointed out the necessity of conducting general irradiation of the entire body regardless of the localization of the lesion. Rollier paid special attention to the dosage of solar radiation and developed a special scheme for this purpose; he also attaches great importance to the action of rays from all parts of the solar spectrum, not just ultraviolet ones. At the present time, the sanatorium in Leysin has grown into a large group of sanatoriums under the general scientific direction of Rollier. Very interesting are the various labor processes he introduced, which can be carried out even by patients lying in bed on specially adapted machines; there is even a special "Clinique manufacture." Rollier has published about 100 printed works; his monograph "Die Heliotherapie der Tuberkulose" (Berlin-Vienna, 1st ed., 1913; 2nd ed., 1924; Russian translation from the first edition, Leningrad, 1923) is especially well-known. ROMANOVSKY, Dmitry Leonidovich (1861–1921), a well-known therapist and bacteriologist, a student of Professor M. I. Afanasyev; from 1899, he was his senior assistant in the therapeutic department of the Clinical Institute for the Advanced Training of Physicians; from 1908, he was a professor of the polyclinic of the same institute for internal diseases. He is known for his method of elective staining of protozoan blood parasites, in particular the malaria plasmodium (see Giemsa, Malaria).