Sakharov, Gavriil Petrovich

SAKHAROV, Gavriil Petrovich (born in 1873), a well-known pathologist. Having graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University in 1899, he was retained at the Department of General Pathology of Moscow University, where he worked until 1910 in the positions of first an assistant, and later a prosector. From 1910 to 1914, he served as a professor of general pathology at Warsaw University, and

from 1914 to 1929, as a professor of the same department, later renamed the Department of Pathological Physiology, at the 1st Moscow University. Simultaneously, he served as a professor of the same department at the Moscow State Medical Institute (until 1924), at the Medico-Pedological Institute (until 1925), and at the Moscow Veterinary Institute (to the present time). In 1929–30, he served as the director of the Moscow Institute of Experimental Endocrinology of the People's Commissariat of Health. Since 1933, he has been a professor of pathological physiology at the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute. From 1915 to 1929, Sakharov served as deputy chairman of the Russian Society of Pathologists; since the founding of the Russian Endocrinological Society, he has served as its deputy chairman. Sakharov has 80 printed works; in most of them, he shows an inclination toward problems of a general biological nature, in particular toward general questions of immunity, heredity, endocrinology, and partly the philosophy of pathology. Regarding immunity, the following deserve mention: the monograph "On the Significance of Age in the Organism's Struggle with Infection" (1908), the extensive work "On the Question of Treating Infectious Diseases with Leukocytolysis" (1914), a number of works on chemotherapy in which the question of finding a "conductor" to infectious foci is debated, and a group of works on anaphylaxis; among other things, Sakharov was the first (1905) to discover the fact of serum anaphylaxis. In the field of the doctrine of heredity, Sakharov, together with his colleagues, first observed the stable transmission of leukopenia in mice as a result of splenectomy in the initial generation. From the large number of Sakharov's works on endocrinology, one can cite articles devoted to the analysis of the question of endocrine correlation ["Antagonism and Synergy of the Glands of Internal Secretion," "Pregnancy and Internal Secretion," "Endocrine Correlation and Physiology of Types"; the brochure "Reference Points in the Analysis of Endocrine Diseases," articles in the collective manual: "Fundamentals of Endocrinology" edited by Sakharov and Shervinsky (1928)]; and finally, a number of articles on the physiology of the spleen and on the question of its internal secretory function. In addition, Sakharov has recently released two books: "Biological Methods and Perspectives of Modern Medicine" (1925), "The Origin of Sex and the Meaning of Sexual Reproduction" (1924), and "Methodology of Pathology" (Moscow-Leningrad, 1931).