Thorotrast

Thorotrast (Thorotrast), a colloidal solution of thorium dioxide (see). It is applied in roentgenodiagnosis for the artificial contrast of certain organs, chiefly the liver (hepatography) and spleen (splenography). Thorotrast is introduced intravenously (1 cm³ or more per 1 kg of body weight). According to the investigations of a number of authors, Thorotrast is selectively absorbed by the reticuloendothelial cells of all organs: first of all by the reticuloendothelial cells of the stroma of the liver and spleen, in smaller amounts by the bone marrow, adrenal glands, and others. Experiments by Kadruka on rabbits showed that for roentgenography of the bone marrow it is necessary to use 5 cm³ of Thorotrast per 1 kg of body weight, for the study of the kidneys 12 cm³, for the lungs 15 cm³. In man, after the injection of Thorotrast, fatal cases were observed only rarely. Autopsies showed that death occurred only in cases of sharp pathological-anatomical changes in the liver and spleen (fatty degeneration, reticuloendotheliosis) or from infection. Death from the direct action of Thorotrast has not been proven. Complications upon the introduction of Thorotrast show that the contraindications for Thorotrast are not yet sufficiently studied and the application of Thorotrast requires caution and a thorough examination of the patient (especially his reticuloendothelial apparatus).