Yakovenko

YAKOVENKO, Vladimir Ivanovich (1857–1923), a major Russian psychiatrist and public figure, founder of the psychiatric hospital in the Moscow region that bears his name. After graduating from the Military Medical Academy in 1881, Yakovenko served for some time as a district zemstvo physician in the Poltava Governorate; from 1884, he worked as a resident physician in a number of psychiatric hospitals (the Burashevskaya and Golenchinskaya psychiatric colonies and the Panteleimonovskaya Hospital in St. Petersburg), and from 1891 to 1893, he was in charge of the Smolensk Psychiatric Hospital, which he completely reorganized. In 1894, he began building a new psychiatric hospital in the village of Meshcherskoye, Podolsk Uyezd, on behalf of the Moscow Governorate Zemstvo. The hospital he built and the regime he organized within it are still considered exemplary to this day. On the initiative of Yakovenko, the first psychiatric census in Russia was conducted in the Moscow Governorate, the result of which was Yakovenko's classic work: "The Mentally Ill of the Moscow Governorate." In 1906, Yakovenko was dismissed from his position at the demand of the Tsarist government for his political activities. Yakovenko was a fervent supporter of the decentralization of psychiatric care and, striving to bring it closer to the population, insisted on establishing a network of small district psychiatric hospitals in the Moscow Governorate. A major public figure, Yakovenko was an active organizer and participant in congresses of both general physicians (Pirogov congresses) and specialists—psychiatrists and neuropathologists—as well as one of the editors of the Moscow Korsakov Journal.

YAKOVENKO, Yevgeny Ivanovich (born 1865), a prominent sanitation worker and public figure. In 1884, he entered the Faculty of Natural Sciences at St. Petersburg University. In 1887, he was arrested on charges of belonging to student revolutionary organizations and for his proximity to the terrorist group of Ulyanov, Shevyrev, and others. In 1888, he was sentenced to exile in Eastern Siberia for 5 years. Upon the completion of his exile in 1894, he went abroad, where he studied medicine and passed his doctoral examination in 1897 in Würzburg. From 1899 to 1917, he served as a sanitary physician for the Kherson Governorate Zemstvo, where he conducted extensive work on the organization of medical and sanitary affairs. He was a constant and active participant in Pirogov meetings and congresses. He compiled a number of sanitary-statistical reviews characterizing the sanitary condition of the population. He organized an exemplary zemstvo sanitary-bacteriological laboratory. He published a number of articles on issues of sanitary affairs in "Obshchestvenny Vrach" (Public Physician), "Vrach" (The Physician), and others. After the February Revolution in 1917, he was elected by the provincial democratic assembly to the position of mayor in Kherson and chairman of the Kherson Governorate Zemstvo. In 1919, he worked in Odessa in the Committee for Combating Epidemics. Since 1924, he has served as the head of the statistical department of the People's Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR, where he was engaged in the development of material on the state and development of healthcare in the USSR. At present, he is a professor-consultant at the Institute of Hygiene of the First Moscow Medical Institute. Among his literary works published after the revolution, one can point to "Medical Statistics" (Moscow, 1924), "Hygiene of Manual Labor" (Moscow, 1929), and a number of articles on medical statistics in the journals: "Gigiena i Epidemiologiya" (Hygiene and Epidemiology), "Vrachebnoye Delo" (Medical Practice), "Arch. f. soziale Hygiene u. Demographie," and others.