Astragalus
Historical document, translated for reference. It reflects medical knowledge of the 1920s–30s and is not medical advice.
Summary
This 1930s encyclopedia article describes the anatomical structure and comparative development of the astragalus bone across various vertebrate groups, including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Encyclopedia entry (1928–1936)
ASTRAGALUS, a bone of the first row of the tarsus. In vertebrates, the astragalus lies adjacent to the tibia. In frogs, the astragalus is comparatively large; in reptiles and turtles, the astragalus is sometimes called the tibiale and is composed of three bones: the tibiale, intermedium, and centrale. In birds, the astragalus consists of the reptilian tibiale and fibulare and fuses with the tibia. In mammals, the astragalus retains its original structure and is formed by the fusion of the tibiale and intermedium.
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Cite this page
“Astragalus.” Soviet Medical Encyclopedia. English translation of Bolshaya Meditsinskaya Entsiklopediya, 1st ed. (Moscow, 1928–1936), ed. N. A. Semashko. https://sovietmedicalencyclopedia.pages.dev/article/astragalus/