London

London Ephim Semenovich, born in 1868, an outstanding physiologist and biochemist. In 1894 he graduated from the medical faculty of Warsaw University and since 1896 has been working at the Institute of Experimental Medicine in Leningrad, first as assistant head of the department of general pathology under Lukyanov, and since 1903 as head. He worked abroad with Emil Fischer. He is a professor at the Institute for Advanced Medical Studies and Leningrad University. In 1927-28 he worked at the Rockefeller Institute in the USA. In his works, L., using specially operated animals, studies mainly chemical questions of physiology. His staff studied the chemistry of combined digestion in animals that were in completely normal conditions. This method of angiosotomy (or vasostomy—see) made it possible for London to conduct a series of studies on the composition of blood (in particular the content of hormones) under various conditions. In addition, L. studied the physiological effects of radium and questions of serology and immunity. L. is the author of a large number of works published in various Russian and foreign periodicals, mainly in Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chemie (since 1905). Separate editions include: "Das Radium in der Biologie und Medizin" (Lpz., 1911); "Physiologische u. pathologische Chymologie nebst einigen Versuchen der Chymotherapie" (Lpz., 1913); "Физиология и патология пищеварения" (M.-L., 1924). London is the author of a number of chapters in major collective guides published by S. Oppenheimer on biochemistry (Vol. III, Pt. 2, Jena, 1909) and by E. Abderhalden on biological methods (Pt. 1 and 5, B.-Wien, 1923-27). L.'s articles on vasostomy—see literature for the article Vasostomia.