Sanatorium Camp

SANATORIUM CAMP for Young Pioneers, a health-improving institution for school-age children, located outside the city and under the system and administration of public health authorities. Sanatorium camps differ from ordinary, so-called mass pioneer camps (see Camp) both in the composition of their children and in their internal order and regimen. Sanatorium camps are designed mainly for children suffering from chronic tubercular intoxication (I, II), local subcompensated processes (B), convalescents, and children who are exhausted or living in difficult domestic conditions. Contraindicated for admission to a sanatorium camp are all types of diseases that pose a risk of infection to others, mentally retarded children, the physically defective, psychopaths and neuropathics, and finally patients requiring special care and treatment. A sanatorium camp as a rule functions throughout the year, although there are sanatorium camps that, depending on local conditions, function only during the summer time (May-September). Sanatorium camps are usually located outside the city, in a healthy, wooded area, near a river, on its high bank. The regimen of a sanatorium camp is usually built according to the following approximate scheme. For summer time: 7:00 AM rising, 7:00-7:15 AM exercises, 7:15-8:00 AM making beds, personal hygiene, 8:00-8:30 AM breakfast, 8:30-9:00 AM preparation for organized activities, 9:00-11:00 AM organized activities and labor activity (self-service, games, work in the vegetable garden, etc.), 11:00-11:30 AM free time, 11:30 AM-12:30 PM preparation and conducting of sun baths, showers, swimming, etc., 12:30-1:00 PM free time, 1:00-1:30 PM lunch, 1:30-3:00 PM afternoon rest (quiet hour), 3:00-3:30 PM making beds and personal hygiene, 3:30-4:00 PM tea, 4:00-6:00 PM organized activities, games, walks, and labor activity, 6:00-7:00 PM free time, 7:00-7:30 PM dinner, 7:30-8:30 PM evening conversations, quiet activities, or a campfire, 8:30-9:00 PM preparation for sleep, evening hygiene, 9:00 PM sleep. For winter time, the indicated regimen is somewhat changed in accordance with the peculiarities of the season. In connection with the historic decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of April 21, 1932, on the work of the pioneer organization, the network of sanatorium camps received very great development both in individual territories and regions, and in autonomous national republics. The number of beds in sanatorium camps in the RSFSR in cities: 1931 - 2,269; 1932 - 6,690; 1933 - in cities - 7,695 and in villages - 450 (control figures). Up to and including 1932, sanatorium camps were planned and actually organized only for serving city children; starting from 1933, sanatorium camps are also planned in relation to village children. Thus, for the RSFSR with autonomous republics, the control figures of the People's Commissariat of Health provide for the deployment of 550 year-round beds for village children. Thanks to the successful combination of the principle of mass participation with high quality medical care, sanatorium camps enjoy well-deserved success and trust among the broad working masses. Therapeutic, health-improving, and educational work in sanatorium camps is carried out on the basis of maximum use of natural factors and the instilling in children of hygienic habits (personal and social). A. Zeitlin.