SPERANSKY

SPERANSKY Alexei Dmitrievich (born in 1888), professor, major pathophysiologist. Graduated from the medical faculty of Kazan State University in 1911. From this year begins his scientific activity. He goes through a solid anatomical school, working as a prosector in the anatomy department while simultaneously improving in surgery, working in the clinic. From 1914 he works as a military surgeon in the active army. In 1920 he is elected professor of operative surgery and topographic anatomy at Irkutsk State University. From 1923 begins his work in physiology under Academician I. P. Pavlov. Here he immediately emerges as one of the most outstanding collaborators. Already in S.'s first works on the physiology of the nervous system, his interest in pathological processes is revealed. Developing work in this area, S. in 1924 becomes the organizer of an entire direction in experimental pathology and receives his own laboratory, and later a department in the Institute of Experimental Medicine. All of S.'s research and that of his students are devoted to the question of the role of the nervous system in pathology. Exceptional talent as an experimenter, combined with broad theoretical and practical knowledge, enabled S. to organize scientific research on new methodological foundations. What previously served as the subject of work, he made its method for the comparative study of the neural mechanisms of processes that have nothing in common in appearance. In 1930 S. published the first summary of experimental materials in the book "The Nervous System in Pathology" (L.-M., 1930). Analysis of the material allowed S. to connect a number of pathological processes occurring in the periphery with the nervous system, to grasp the mechanism of this connection, as a result of which he came to the conclusion that the nervous system is not only involved in the process but also organizes it, that every pathological phenomenon is a reflection in peripheral tissues of one of the forms of a special process occurring in the nervous system, which he unites under the name "nerve dystrophies." S. transferred the data of experiment to the clinic, making work in it one of the research methods. Such a comprehensive study confirmed the basic position he had put forward, namely, that in any pathological process the nervous component is the guiding factor. A number of new approaches to the concept of therapeutic intervention have emerged, which basically comes down to the principle of affecting the nervous system with the aim of changing established pathological nervous combinations. As a result of creating new intranervous relationships, the "face" of the pathological process itself changes. In 1934, under the editorship of S. and with his participation as an author, a collection of articles "Nerve Trophics" (L.-M.) was published. In 1935 S.'s new book appears, in which the formulation of his basic positions on nerve trophics and the general pathological assessment of the nerve factor is given. The theory put forward by S. creates a new direction in pathology. It establishes the principles for uniting countless individual pathological forms into a single system. In 1934 the government conferred upon S. the title of Honored Scientist. S. is a full member of VIEM. SPERANSKY Georgii Nestorovich (born in 1873), pediatrician, professor, head of the pediatrics sector of the State Scientific Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy of the People's Commissariat of Health in Moscow. After graduating from Moscow University in 1898, he worked in the children's clinic headed by N. F. Filatov, first as an ordinand, then as an assistant. In 1907 he was the first physician of the YASNAYA department for newborns of the maternity home named after KRUPSKAYA and in this same year was the prototype of those now existing. S. was the initiator of the reorganization of the former Vospitatelny Dom in Moscow and one of the first workers of the Department for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy of the NKZdr, founded by V. P. Lebedeva after the October Revolution. In 1918 he worked in the laboratory of Prof. V. V. Voronin (Odessa) on the question of the mechanism of regurgitation, in 1919-20 he organized and headed the department of children's diseases at Kuban University; from 1921 he was senior physician of the House for the Protection of Infants of the NKZdrav in Moscow, and after the reorganization of the latter into the State Scientific Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy, he was director of it for 8 years. S. always worked extensively on the training of cadres of sisters, doctors, graduate students in the protection of motherhood and infancy and pediatrics, is a professor at the department of pediatrics of early age of the Central Institute for the Improvement of Physicians of the NKZdr. From 1912 he began to publish "Materials for the Study of the First Year of Life", the first publication in this field. In 1922 he founded the "Journal for the Study of Early Childhood", which he edited, publishing 13 volumes. At the present time he is responsible editor of the journal "Soviet Pediatrics" and editor of the pediatrics department of the BME from its very beginning. S. is the author of a large number of works on various branches of pediatrics, protection of motherhood and infancy, and popular brochures. He is an active member and comrade chairman of the Society of Pediatricians of the RSFSR, the Moscow Regional and others. In 1934 S. received the title of Honored Scientist.

assistent. In 1907 he was the first physician of the YASNAYA department for newborns of the maternity home named after KRUPSKAYA and in this same year was the prototype of those now existing. S. was the initiator of the reorganization of the former Vospitatelny Dom in Moscow and one of the first workers of the Department for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy of the NKZdr, founded by V. P. Lebedeva after the October Revolution. In 1918 he worked in the laboratory of Prof. V. V. Voronin (Odessa) on the question of the mechanism of regurgitation, in 1919-20 he organized and headed the department of children's diseases at Kuban University; from 1921 he was senior physician of the House for the Protection of Infants of the NKZdrav in Moscow, and after the reorganization of the latter into the State Scientific Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy, he was director of it for 8 years. S. always worked extensively on the training of cadres of sisters, doctors, graduate students in the protection of motherhood and infancy and pediatrics, is a professor at the department of pediatrics of early age of the Central Institute for the Improvement of Physicians of the NKZdr. From 1912 he began to publish "Materials for the Study of the First Year of Life", the first publication in this field. In 1922 he founded the "Journal for the Study of Early Childhood", which he edited, publishing 13 volumes. At the present time he is responsible editor of the journal "Soviet Pediatrics" and editor of the pediatrics department of the BME from its very beginning. S. is the author of a large number of works on various branches of pediatrics, protection of motherhood and infancy, and popular brochures. He is an active member and comrade chairman of the Society of Pediatricians of the RSFSR, the Moscow Regional and others. In 1934 S. received the title of Honored Scientist.

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assistent. In 1907 he was the first physician of the YASNAYA department for newborns of the maternity home named after KRUPSKAYA and in this same year was the prototype of those now existing. S. was the initiator of the reorganization of the former Vospitatelny Dom in Moscow and one of the first workers of the Department for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy of the NKZdr, founded by V. P. Lebedeva after the October Revolution. In 1918 he worked in the laboratory of Prof. V. V. Voronin (Odessa) on the question of the mechanism of regurgitation, in 1919-20 he organized and headed the department of children's diseases at Kuban University; from 1921 he was senior physician of the House for the Protection of Infants of the NKZdrav in Moscow, and after the reorganization of the latter into the State Scientific Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy, he was director of it for 8 years. S. always worked extensively on the training of cadres of sisters, doctors, graduate students in the protection of motherhood and infancy and pediatrics, is a professor at the department of pediatrics of early age of the Central Institute for the Improvement of Physicians of the NKZdr. From 1912 he began to publish "Materials for the Study of the First Year of Life", the first publication in this field. In 1922 he founded the "Journal for the Study of Early Childhood", which he edited, publishing 13 volumes. At the present time he is responsible editor of the journal "Soviet Pediatrics" and editor of the pediatrics department of the BME from its very beginning. S. is the author of a large number of works on various branches of pediatrics, protection of motherhood and infancy, and popular brochures. He is an active member and comrade chairman of the Society of Pediatricians of the RSFSR, the Moscow Regional and others. In 1934 S. received the title of Honored Scientist.