Orizanin

ORIZANIN, a vitamin B preparation obtained by Suzuki, Shimamura, and Odake from rice bran. They extracted rice bran with alcohol, precipitated the extract with phosphotungstic acid, and by decomposing the precipitate obtained a very active substance which in amounts of 0.03-0.04 quickly cured polyneuritic pigeons. Upon further purification (precipitation with tannin, barium) a more active picrate of O. was obtained, which after recrystallization formed microscopic yellowish-brown needles grouped like stars. A vitamin B preparation from rice bran is also oripan. Hofmeister, by treating an extract of rice bran with iodobismuthate of potassium, obtained a very active preparation which in amounts of 5-10 mg in 24 hours cured pigeons. Upon further purification (gold salt) a chloride of composition C9H11NO3HCl was obtained, from which upon further fractionation an inactive base, similar to dioxypiperidine and named oridine by Hofmeister, was isolated.

ORLOV Konstantin Khrisanfovich (born in 1875), professor of eye diseases at the North Caucasus State Medical Institute in Rostov-on-Don. He worked in underground revolutionary circles. In 1905-06 he participated in the revolutionary press, serving for a time as co-editor of the "Volga Messenger", the organ of the Socialist Revolutionaries in Kazan. In 1907 he was imprisoned, after which he temporarily abandoned scientific and pedagogical work, being forced to engage only in practical activities. Only in 1912 was he elected to the chair of eye diseases at the former Warsaw University (now the North Caucasus State Medical Institute in Rostov-on-Don), which he still heads. Since 1917 O. has widely participated in public professional work, serving as deputy chairman of the Rostov-on-Don City Duma (1917), deputy chairman of the Union of Physicians (1917), deputy chairman of the Commission for the Protection of Public Health under the SNK of the Donets Socialist Republic (1918), then dean of the medical faculty (1920), member of the board of SKGU (1925 and 1926), candidate for member of the Rostov-Nakhichevan City Soviet (1926) and the Lenin District Soviet (1931). He is a member of the regional bureau of the section of scientific workers and deputy chairman of the research sectors of the North Caucasus regional society of aviators and chemists. In 1922 O. founded the Don Ophthalmological Society, which he reorganized into the North Caucasus Regional Ophthalmological Society, of which O. has been the permanent chairman. He was the initiator of 3 regional congresses of ophthalmologists of the North Caucasus. To commemorate his 30th anniversary at the eye clinic of SKGU, the name of K. Kh. Orlov was bestowed upon it. Orlov is an honorary member of the Odessa, Saratov, and North Caucasus ophthalmological societies and the Don society for the blind. He has over 50 scientific works, of which special attention is deserved by: "To the doctrine of changes in the eye in chronic poisoning by ergot" (Kazan, 1903); "Anesthesia and pain relief in ophthalmic surgery" (Soviet Medicine in the North Caucasus, 1927, No. 5); "Mold fungi as causes of keratitis" (Russian Ophthalmological Journal, Vol. VIII, 1928); "Melitococcia and the eye" (ibid.); "Gonorrheal diseases of the eye" (Bulletin of Modern Medicine, 1929, No. 7). A large number of O.'s works have been published in foreign and Soviet periodicals, mainly in the "Russian Ophthalmological Journal".