Pantostat

PANTOSTAT, an electromedical apparatus used in neurological and otorhinolaryngological practice for both research and treatment purposes; contains a number of instruments with different functions, but all mounted in a common metal case. When powered by three-phase current, the P. has a motor-generator (converter) that transforms the three-phase current into direct current. The latter can be used for galvanization; its strength is regulated by a rheostat. For faradization, an induction coil powered by alternating current is used. The P. is used for studying the excitability of muscles. Low-voltage current (2-4 volts) is used to heat platinum wire in galvanocautery and to power small incandescent lamps used in otorhinolaryngological and urological practice. The rotation of the P. motor's axis can be used to drive a small pump (used by otologists for insufflation of the ear), and with the help of a flexible shaft, for vibrational massage. P. apparatuses are usually mounted on a mobile table. All instruments and connections are hidden inside the P. case; only adjustment knobs and sliding rails are brought to the outside (on the top and side surfaces), allowing regulation of the strength and voltage of the current (galvanic, faradic, illuminating, and heating), as well as the number of revolutions of the motor-generator. Due to its convenience in use, the P. has found widespread application. Numerous foreign firms have offered many modifications of the P. under various names. See also Electromedical instruments.