SOLOVYEV GEORGY

SOLVYEV GEORGY Andreevich (1856-1932), known Russian obstetrician. After graduating from the medical faculty of Moscow University (in 1882), he worked for about three years in the former Old Ekaterininskaya Hospital (now named after Babukhin), mainly in the therapeutic and infectious departments. In January 1885, he was invited by Professor Makeev to the obstetric clinic, at the end of the same year he was approved as an intern, and then assistant to the clinic. In this position, S. remained until his retirement in 1922 due to advanced age. S. left about 40 scientific works, of which the most deserving of attention are works on the pathology of pregnancy, eclampsia, intractable vomiting, antiseptics, pathology of childbirth, and postpartum diseases. S. proposed and successfully implemented in practice, both by himself and his students, a new method for correcting occipital positions, proposed a wrist indicator to determine the capacity of the female pelvis, adopted in the best clinics of the Union, for the first time intractable vomiting of pregnant women was classified as a toxemia of pregnancy, the first case in the literature of multiple neuritis was described, etc. S. compiled reports of the clinic for 40 years, representing great scientific and historical value. A number of essays are devoted to the history of obstetrics. The merits of S. were recognized as early as 1910, and upon the recommendation of Prof. A. P. Gubarev, A. M. Makeev, N. I. Pobedinsky and V. F. Snegirev, by unanimous decision of the medical faculty and council of Moscow University, he was granted the exceptionally rare honor of being awarded the degree of Doctor of Medicine honoris causa. S. was a full member of a number of scientific societies and actively participated in them. SOLVYEV Zinovy Petrovich (1876-1928), Bolshevik physician, one of the founders of Soviet medicine, the permanent deputy People's Commissar of Health of the RSFSR from the creation of the People's Commissariat of Health until his death. Born in Grodno in the family of a surveyor. He studied at the Simbirsk gymnasium. In the upper classes of the gymnasium, he became acquainted with Marxism and printed illegal literature on a mimeograph. In 1897 he entered the medical faculty of Kazan University. Already from the first course he joined the social-democratic organization and conducted propaganda in workers' circles at the Alafuzov and Krestovnikov factories. In connection with this organization, he was arrested and exiled from Kazan in 1899. He managed to complete the university only in 1904. After graduating from the university, he went to war in Manchuria with a Red Cross detachment, but soon returned to the Volga and worked during 1905-06. in the Simbirsk zemstvo as head of the Medical-Sanitary Bureau. Here, at the very beginning of his activities, he revealed his abilities as a major organizer of public health. At the same time, he was a member of the Simbirsk Committee of the RSDRP(b) and, together with Lenin's younger brother, D. I. Ulyanov, the sanitary doctor of the Simbirsk zemstvo, he led the work of the social-democratic organization during the first revolution. Being forced after 1905 to leave the Simbirsk province, he moved to the Saratov zemstvo, where he first worked as a district doctor, and then as assistant head of the provincial sanitary bureau of N. I. Tezyakov. Long before the 1917 revolution, he revealed and correctly assessed the class roots of zemstvo medicine. In the dark years of the reaction (1906-09), he continued underground work in the Bolshevik organization, was arrested and after 8 months in the Saratov prison was exiled for 3 years to Ust-Sysolsk in the Vologda province. In exile, he engaged in literary work, publishing his articles in the periodic medical press. After exile, he settled in Moscow, where he became an active participant in the work of the board of the Pirogov Society, a member of the editorial board of 'The Public Physician', and later editor of 'Medical Life'. At the beginning of the war, he took the position of secretary of the medical-sanitary department of the Main Committee of the Zemstvo Union. After the February revolution, S. was elected chairman of the Khamovnichesky district administration in Moscow from the Bolshevik faction shortly before October. In the days of October, S. was a member of the revolutionary committee of the district. After the government moved to Moscow, he was appointed head of the medical department of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs and became a member of the Council of Medical Colleges. In the spring of 1918, 'News of Soviet Medicine' began to be published under his editorship. The last 10 years of his life were inextricably linked with the construction of Soviet health care. Having been appointed deputy commissar of health, S. initially headed the department of civilian medicine, and from 1920 was appointed head of the Main Military Sanitary Administration during the most difficult period of the civil war and the height of epidemics. All further construction of the military-sanitary service of the Red Army took place under his direct supervision. At the same time, he headed the Russian Red Cross Society (ROKK). As chairman of the ROKK, S. did great work in improving the pioneer cadres, organizing in 1924 the Health Service of Young Pioneers and in 1925 founding the Artek camp-sanatorium. S. directed the publishing house of the People's Commissariat of Health, was one of the co-editors of the social department of the BME and one of the editors of the medical department of the BSE. He paid great attention to issues of medical education (see, for example, 'Issues of Medical Education' in the Military-Sanitary Collection, M., 1925, issue 1, pp. 3-4). From 1923 he was invited as a professor of social hygiene at the 2nd Moscow University. This period also includes a number of his articles and reports, published in a separate book 'Preventive Tasks of Therapeutic Medicine' (M., 1926) or included in other publications, such as 'The Role of the Doctor in the Defense of the Country', 'Scientific Foundations of the Military-Sanitary Service' (Military-Sanitary Collection, M., 1925, collection 2, pp. 1-7) and others. A significant part of his works is collected in the posthumous collection 'Construction of Soviet Health Care'.