NAUHEIM

NAUHEIM (Bad Nauheim), a well-known balneological resort in Germany in the valley of the Taunus mountain range, 38 km from Frankfurt-on-Main. N. is surrounded by mountains covered with forest and is situated at an altitude of 140-200 m above sea level. The climate is moderate. Average temperature: in January -0.4°, February +1.0°, March +4.8°, April +8.3°, May +12.6°, June +16.5°, July +18.5°, August +16.7°, September +13.2°, October +8.2°, November +3.5° and December -0.8°. Average barometric pressure 748.6 mm. Therapeutic agents: mineral springs of table salt with a high content of free CO2 and with temperatures from 17.2° to 34.4°. The principal ones are: 1) Grosser Sprudel, Quelle №7; temperature 30.5°, flow 4,500 hl per day, depth 159.5 m, specific weight 1.0175; total solid constituents 24.96 per 1 liter, of which: NaCl -19.54, KCl-0.65, LiCl-0.05, CaCl₂-1.78, Ca(HCO₃)₂-2.13, Fe(HCO₃)₂-0.024; free CO₂-3.96 per 1 liter; 2) Friedrich-Wilhelm-Sprudel, Quelle №12; temperature 34.4°, flow 12,500 hl per day, depth 180.1 m, specific weight 1.0246; total solid constituents 33.63 per 1 liter; of which: NaCl-27.15, KCl-0.91, CaCl₂-3.32, LiCl-0.06, Ca(HCO₃)₂-1.12, Fe(HCO₃)₂-0.032; free CO₂-3.31; 3) Ernst Ludwig-Sprudel, Quelle №14; temperature 32.2°, flow 6,000 hl per day, depth 209.4 m, specific weight 1.0213, solid constituents 28.39 per 1 liter, of which NaCl -22.71, KCl-0.71, LiCl-0.04, CaCl₂-2.94, Ca(HCO₃)₂-1.01, Fe(HCO₃)₂-0.034; free CO₂-2.96. The water from these springs is used for baths, which are administered in eight excellently equipped bath establishments with 368 cabins and a capacity of up to 6,000 baths per day. Carbon dioxide baths with higher and lower content of free CO₂, flowing carbon dioxide baths, so-called Sprudelstrombader, salt baths of various temperatures, so-called Thermalbader, and baths of various strengths with the addition of mother brine and salt obtained by evaporating spring water, so-called Solbader, with the addition of various extracts; sitz baths, half-baths, all kinds of douches, etc. For internal use there are 7 springs, the most famous of which are: 1) Kurbrunnen; temperature 20.1°, flow 420 hl per day, specific weight 1.0130, total solid constituents 18.02 per 1 liter, of which: NaCl-14.18, KCl-0.45, LiCl-0.03, CaCl₂-1.51, Ca(HCO₃)₂-1.19, Fe(HCO₃)₂-0.03; free CO₂-2.78 per 1 liter; 2) Karlbrunnen; temperature 17.2°, flow 750 hl per day, specific weight 1.0059, total solid constituents 7.8; of which: NaCl -6.23, KCl -0.27; LiCl -0.02, CaCl₂-0.57, Ca(HCO₃)₂-0.39; free CO₂-1.85 per 1 liter; 3)Ludwigsbrunnen; temperature 18.6°, flow 610 hl per day, specific weight 1.005 with the least mineralization, namely: 1.3 per 1 liter, of which: NaCl-0.46, KCl-0.03, CaCl₂-0.05, Ca(HCO₃)₂-0.4269, Mg(HCO₃)₂-0.26, Fe(HCO₃)₂-0.02; free CO₂-2.11 per 1 l, classified as carbonated saline-earth springs. In addition to bath buildings, there are inhalatoria, radio-emanatoria, Zander mechanotherapeutic institute, electro-light-mud therapy offices with the administration of sand and mud baths (Fango). Medical gymnastics, all kinds of massage, treatment by mountain climbing according to Ertel, milk cure, grape cure (in September and October) are widely applied. Indications: diseases of the cardiovascular system, arteriosclerosis, cardiac neuroses, Basedow's disease, diseases of the motor organs, mainly joint and muscular rheumatism; obesity, gout, diabetes, scrofula, rickets; chronic catarrhs of the nasopharynx, upper respiratory tract, bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema; diseases of the peripheral nervous system (neuritis, polyneuritis, neuralgia) and spinal cord (initial forms of tabes); neurasthenia, anemia and general weakness after illnesses and operations. Patients are accommodated in numerous hotels, pensions and sanatoriums. The resort operates year-round. Attendance up to 40,000 patients per year. L. Gelpfayl. NAUNIN Bernhard (Bernhard Naunyn, 1839-1925), one of the greatest German clinicians. In 1862 N. defended his dissertation on the development of the echinococcus ("Die Entwicklung des Echinokokkus", Archiv fur Anatomie und Physiologie, 1862, p. 612, and 1863, p. 412). The direction of all his subsequent activity was given by the clinic of Frerichs, where he served as assistant. Beginning his professorial activity in Dorpat (1869-71), Naunin subsequently headed clinics in Konigsberg (1872-88) and Strasbourg (1888-1905). The remainder of his life N. spent in Baden-Baden, continuing his scientific work. N. possessed great pedagogical talent. From the school of N. came a large number of German and foreign scientific workers (Minkowski, Stadelmann, Mering, D. Gerhardt, partly Gabrichevsky and others). Possessing great clinical observation and interest in the patient, N. always deepened the study of disease by attracting experiment and chemical analysis. In this respect he is a direct continuer of Frerichs and influenced the further development of all German medicine. Together with the pharmacologist Schmiedeberg, N. founded "Archiv f. experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie" (Lpz., from 1872) and together with the surgeon Mikulicz "Mitteilungen aus den Grenzgebieten der Medizin u. Chirurgie" (Jena, from 1896). The works of N. were devoted mainly to the study of diabetes (improvement of tolerance, doctrine of acidosis, significance of protein restriction, experimental diabetes), jaundice (formation of bilirubin in the liver cell) and the mechanism of gallstone formation (systematic study of the course of gallstone disease, significance of inflammatory processes for stone formation, establishment of the concept of cholangia). Among the numerous works of N. the most important are: "Die Klinik der Cholelithiasis" (Lpz., 1892); "Der Diabetes mellitus" (Wien, 1906), "Die Gallensteine, ihre Entstehung und ihr Bau" (Jena, 1921); "Versuch einer Ubersicht und Ordnung der Gallensteine des Menschen" (Jena, 1924).