Fennel (medicinal or Florentine, fennel, Foeniculum)

FENNEL medicinal or Florentine, fennel, Foeniculum vulgare (F VII), a perennial herbaceous plant of the umbellifer family (Umbelliferae), cultivated as a biennial and annual. The root is fleshy, taproot. The stem is cylindrical, branched above, 1 to 2 m in height. The smell is characteristic, aromatic, the taste is sweet-spicy. In the wild state, fennel grows along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea; it is found in the USSR along the shores of the Black and Caspian Seas, however, all the goods circulating in the markets are collected from the cultivated plant in 1939. Table of nodes, or ganglia (ganglia). ! Names and synonyms Location Where it gets fibers Where it sends fibers In which article is it covered 1 I Gangl. Arnoldi 2 i Gangl. basale See gangl. cardiacum medium, oticum, splanchnicum Located in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres under the cortex Gangl. Bidderi Autonomic node of the heart, unpaired, located at the border of the atrium and ventricle Gangl. cardiacum, i Unpaired, located on the s. Wrisbergi O ! Gangl. cardiacum I medium, Arnoldi convex edge of the aortic arch in plexus cardiacus superficialis Located in the trunk of n. cardiac. mod.; non-communicating From the periphery and from the cerebral cortex through thalamus opticus Receives fibers from plexus cardiacus From gangl. sympath. cervicale superius From gangl. cervicale medium Connected with the anterior horns of the spinal cord by extrapyramidal fibers (fasc. rubro-spinalis, tecto-spinalis, etc.) Sends fibers to the heart muscle To the heart muscle and to the autonomic nodes of the heart in I Gangl. cardiacum ;

superius 7 i Gangl. caroticum 8 i Gangl. cervicale i

inferior Ganglion, cervical medial 11 Ganglion cervicale superior Ganglion ciliare, s. ciliary ganglion Ganglion coccygeum Ganglion coeliacum Lies in the trunk of n. cardiacus superior; inconstant ganglion cervicale superior Lies on the knee of a. carotis interna Sympathetic ganglion of the cervical part of the trunk, lies at the level of the transverse processes of C2 Sympathetic ganglion of the cervical part of the trunk, lies at the level of the transverse processes of C7 inconstant From ganglion cervicale superior through plexus caroticus internus Rami communicantes from nucl. sympathicus lateralis superior in the spinal cord Sympathetic ganglion of the cervical part of the trunk, lies at the level of the transverse processes of C6 Lie on the inner surface of n. optici; parasympathetic ganglion Unpaired ganglion of the coccygeal part of the sympathetic trunk, lies on the anterior surface of the vertebrae Vegetative ganglion. Lies on the left side of the aorta, on the right side between the diaphragmatic crura. From the union of both ganglia forms ganglion subare From nuclei Perlia and Edinger-Westphal (in the cerebral peduncles), going in the composition of n. oculomotorii In it both sympathetic trunks end Receives fibers from n. vagus and from the thoracic and lumbar parts of the sympathetic trunk To vegetative ganglia in the cranial cavity For vessels and organs in the cranial cavity, on the neck and in the thoracic cavity For vessels and organs of the neck and thoracic cavity For vessels and organs of the cranial cavity, neck and thoracic cavity To the smooth muscles of the eye-m. sphincter pupillae and m. dilatator pupillae Nasal ganglia, Extrapyramidal system Heart Heart, node of His, Vegetative nervous system Heart Vegetative nervous system Vegetative nervous system, Oculomotorius nerve, Ze-| ephenal-Edinger nucleus, Cerebral peduncles To organs and vessels of the pelvis Forms the basis of plexus coeliacus Vegetative nervous system Vegetative nervous system, Stomach Name and synonyms Location From where it receives fibers Where it sends fibers In which article it is covered Ganglion commune 15 i Ganglion Gasseri, s. semilunare 16 Ganglion geniculi Ganglion habenulae Meynert's, s. nucleus habenulae Ganglion interpedunculare Ganglion intervertebra-le, s. spinale; intervertebral ganglion Ganglion jugulare; jugular ganglion Ganglion Keith-Flack's: sinus node Ganglion Ludwig's Ganglion lumbalia Ganglion mesentericum superius Ganglion mesentericum inferius 26 Ganglion nodosum, s. plexiforme Ganglion opticum ba-sale Meynert's, s. nucleus supraopticus Lenhossek's Exists in the embryo, lies at the border of the cerebral plate and the optic cup Lies on the wing of the sphenoid bone in cavum Meckelii Lies in the Fallopian canal in the middle ear Divides into ganglion spinale and ganglion sympathicum Belongs to n. trigeminus Located in the brain (diencephalon) in trigonum habenulae Lies in the posterior part of substantia perforata posterior (well developed in animals) Lies in the corresponding intervertebral canal Lies inside the skull at foramen jugulare Lies between the vena cava and the atrium Lies in the septum atriorum of the heart Sympathetic ganglia of the lumbar part of the trunk: in number 4-5 lie on the anterior surface of the lumbar vertebrae Unpaired, lies on the right lower side of the beginning of a. mesenterica superior Lies on the lower side of a. mesenterica inferior, in the plexus of this artery Lies below foramen jugulare of the skull on n. vagi Lies in the diencephalon in the area of tuber cinereum above tractus opticus and chiasma opticorum It has relation to a. facialis and n. Wris-bergi Fibers from the anterior limb of the fornix through striae medullares It has relation to habenula, with which it is connected by means of fasciculus retroflexus Meynerti Belongs to the posterior roots of the spinal cord Superior ganglion of n. vagi Connected with nn. vagus et dexter sympathicus Receives fibers from plexus cardiacus Rami communicantes from nucl. sympathici in the spinal cord Lies in plexus coeliacus From the lumbosacral part of the sympathetic trunk Inferior ganglion of n. vagi Ends in the 'remaining bundle' tractus optici and part of the fibers of the optic nerve Intervertebral ganglia, Spinal cord Gives rise to sensory fibers of n. trigeminus Trigeminus nerve Gives rise to taste fibers passing in chorda tympani and in n. lingualis Fasciculus retroflexus Meynerti, going to ganglion interpedunculare Fasciculus tegmental. gangl. interpeduncularis Gan-seri, going to the gray matter of the pons Varolii and to nucl. tegmenti dorsalis Guddeni Nerve of Wrisberg, Taste (taste conducting pathways) Olfaction Gives rise to sensory fibers Intervertebral ganglia, Spinal cord Gives vegetative fibers to the internal organs and sensory fibers to the mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea It has relation to the atrio-ventricular bundle of the heart Vagus nerve Kuc-Flack node Innervates the heart muscle Heart To organs and vessels of the abdominal cavity and pelvis and in the composition of lumbar nerves to various peripheral tissues Together with plexus coeliacus sends fibers to organs of the abdominal cavity Vegetative nervous system \ to organs of the pelvis Sends sensory fibers to nn. laryngeus superior, trachealis, to plexus pulmonalis Fibers to the habenula Vegetative nervous system Vagus nerve Vegetative nervous system, Regio subthalami Name and synonyms Location From where it receives fibers Where it sends fibers In which article it is covered Ganglion oticum (Arnoldi) Ganglion petrosum Ganglion phrenicum Ganglion plexiforme Ganglion Remak's Ganglion renali-aorticum Ganglion sacrale Placed under foramen ovale on the medial side of the III branch of n. trigeminus From the III branch of n. trigeminus and from the sympathetic plexus Placed in fossula petrosa directly under foramen jugulare Unpaired ganglion, lies on the inferior surface of the diaphragm near the upper end of the right adrenal gland Inferior ganglion of n. glossopharyngei From plexus coeliacus Sends sensory, motor and vegetative fibers to the skin and muscles of the face through nn. auriculo-temporalis, tensor tympani, pterygoideus internus, tensor veli palatini, buccinator and in chorda tympani Trigeminus nerve N. tympanicus for the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube Participates in the formation of plexus phrenicus around aa. phrenicae inferiores Glossopharyngeus nerve Diaphragm See ganglion nodosum Lies in sinus venosus of the heart From plexus cardiacus Lies on the upper and posterior part of a. hepatis Ganglion Scarpae, s. vestibulare Ganglion semilunare Ganglion solare Ganglion spinale Ganglion spiralis, s. Corti Ganglion sphenopalatinum Ganglion splanchnicum (Arnoldi) Ganglion stellatum Sympathetic ganglion of the sacral part of the trunk; in number 3-4 is located along the anterior surface of the sacrum, medially from its foramina Lie in the depth of the internal auditory canal Belongs to plexus coeliacus Rami communicantes from the spinal cord It has relation to n. acusticus Innervates the heart muscle Heart Participates in the formation of plexus around a. renalis Sends fibers to vessels and organs of the pelvis and in the composition of sacral roots to various tissues Gives rise to radix vestibularis n. acustici Vegetative nervous system Vestibularis nerve See ganglion Gasseri See ganglion coeliacum See ganglion intervertebrale Lies in the labyrinth of the inner ear, at the base of lamina spiralis Lies in fossa pterygopalatina It has relation to n. acusticus It has relation to the I branch of n. trigeminus and to vegetative fibers from plexus caroticus Gives rise to radix cochlearis n. acustici Sends nn. nasales, orbitales et palatini, innervating the mucous membrane of the nose and oral cavity Organ of Corti, Labyrinth, Auditory conducting pathways Trigeminus nerve Lies on n. splanchnicus major near its entrance into the diaphragm Formed by the union of ganglion cervicale inferior et ganglion dorsale superior of the sympathetic trunk, lies at the level of the transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrae Receives fibers from n. splanchnicus Rami communicantes from nucl. sympathicus lateralis superior of the spinal cord Sends branches to plexus aorticus and to plexus coeliacus Like ganglion cervicale inferior, sends fibers to vessels and organs in the cranial cavity, on the neck and in the thoracic cavity Vegetative nervous system 805 !* Name and synonyms Location From where it receives fibers Where it sends fibers In which article it is covered Ganglion sublinguale Lies under ganglion submaxillare, above glandula sublingualis Ganglion submaxillare i "³ Ganglion superius n. gloss o-pharyngei Placed above the submaxillary gland (glandula maxillare) In foramen jugulare of the skull Receives fibers Supplies fibers from n. lingualis, glandula sublingualis Receives fibers from n. lingualis and chorda tympani and from plexus a. maxillaris externus Trigeminus nerve Supplies fibers to glandula submaxillaris. Belongs to n. glos-so-pharyngeus Fibers participate in the formation of plexus pharyngei Ganglion temporalis (Scarpae) Ganglion thoracale, s. dorsale Lies in plexus cardiacus Receives fibers ext. at the place of departure from ganglion cervicale inferior a. auricularis post. !

sup. from a. carotis externa i Sympat. ugel of the thoracic department of the truncus sympathicus in the amount of 11-12 is placed near the thoracic department of the spine, in front of the heads of the ribs Rami communicantes from nucl. sympat. lat. of the spinal cord. Participates in the formation of plexuses surrounding the arteries. Sends branches to plexus aorticus thoracalis, participates through nn. splanchnici in the formation of plexus coeliacicus, thus innervating internal organs. Vegetative nervous system Gangl. vestibulare s. Scarpae See gangl. Scarpae Gangl. Wrisbergi s. cardiacum See gangl. cardiacum