GAMALEYA

GAMALEYA, Nikolai Fedorovich, bacteriologist. Born in Odessa in 1859, graduated from the physics and mathematics faculty in 1880 and from the Military Medical Academy in 1883. In 1886, he was sent to Paris by the Odessa Society of Physicians to study the Pasteur method of anti-rabies vaccinations. He introduced this method in the same year to Odessa, where the first anti-rabies station after Paris was established. In 1888, he discovered the avibrion (V. Metschnikovi) and vaccination with filtered cultures. He then worked in the laboratories of Pasteur (paralytic rabies in humans), Bouchard (treatment of inflammation with hypertonic solutions) and Straus (culture of tuberculosis by film on broth and toxicity of dead tubercle bacilli), at the clinic of Pasterntsky (changes in bacteria under the influence of lithium salts). From 1896 to 1910, he worked in Odessa and participated in the fight against plague and cholera in Odessa, against cholera in Transcaucasia and southern Russia. In 1898, he discovered bacteriolysins. He published and edited "Hygiene and Sanitation" from 1910 to 1913. He taught at various times in Odessa (university and Margolin courses) and Yuryev (university and courses of Rostovtsev). Since 1912, he has been head of the Jenner Vaccination Institute in Leningrad (intensive method of preparing detritus), in the scientific department of which work was done on preventive vaccinations against typhus, rabies, tuberculosis. He published about 250 works. His major works: "Etiology of Cholera" (dissertation, St. Petersburg, 1893), "Bacterial Poisons" (Moscow, 1893; translated into French and English), "Fundamentals of General Bacteriology" (Odessa, 1899; translated into German), "Plague in Odessa" (together with V. Belilovsky and M. Burda, vols. I-II, Odessa, 1903-04), "Vaccination" (2nd ed., Leningrad, 1924), "Fundamentals of Immunology" (Moscow-Leningrad, 1928).