Bouchard

BOUCHARD, Charles (Charles Jacques Bouchard, 1837-1915) known French pathologist. He studied medicine in Lyon and Paris. In 1879 he received a professorship at the medical faculty, in 1886 he was elected a member of the Medical Academy, and in 1887 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences (in place of Paul Bert). The scientific activity of B. covers numerous departments of medicine—anatomy, physiology, physiological chemistry, and especially pathology, in which the name Bouchard is associated with the development of a number of important scientific questions. Thus, for example, B. and his school devoted much labor to clarifying the origin of inflammatory hyperemia, which, in B.'s view, represents an active change in circulation under the influence of inflammatory agents acting centrally or peripherally on the vasomotor system. The name B. is also associated with the original doctrine on the origin of a number of diseases caused by abnormal (slowed) metabolism (see Arthritis). B. (together with Chauveau) founded the "Journal de physiologie et de pathologie generale", and also published a major work on general pathology (1895-96), republished at the present time in the treatment of numerous students and collaborators of B. under the title: "Nouveau traite de pathologie generate", P., 1914-16. BUSCHKE, Abraham (Abraham Buschke, born in 1868), professor at Berlin University, outstanding dermatologist-syphilologist. From 1895 to 1904 B. was assistant to Neisser and Lesser; from 1905 he headed the dermatological department of the Virchow Hospital (Berlin); B. is the second chairman of the Berlin Dermatological Society and an honorary member of many foreign dermatological societies (including Moscow and Leningrad). Author of more than 200 works and monographs on various questions of dermatology, syphilology, and gonorrhea; he initiated the doctrine of blastomycosis (1894), isolated types of scleroedema (1902) and symmetrical disseminated spotted keratoderma (1910); experimentally developed the question of thallium and introduced it into therapy for epilation purposes in dermatomycoses; Buschke raised the question of constitutional skin types.