Apophysis

Apophysis, apophysis (from Greek apo-off and physis-growth), a term given by Galen to various kinds of bony protrusions that constitute an inseparable whole with the body of the bone (German term "Knochenauswuchs", Latin processus), in contrast to the epiphysis, which is separated from the bone by cartilage during a certain period of development. Apophysis is a disease process of indefinite character (according to some authors, acutely inflammatory), affecting the apophyses during the growth period of the skeletal system. The disease process most commonly affects the os calcaneus and tuberositas tibiae (see Schlatter's disease). The etiological factors vary depending on the location of the process: in apophysis of os. calcaneus and tuberos. metatars. V, pes valgus is in the first place; for tuberos. tibiae, trauma. The possibility of the disease without visible etiological causes is not excluded, probably lying in defects of bone tissue development itself or in violations of the functions of the endocrine glands. The age of patients ranges between 8 and 16 years; boys are affected more often than girls.--From the point of view of pathogenesis of apophysis of ossis calcanei in pes valgus, two moments are noted: direct pressure of the ground on the inner surface of calcaneus and abnormally increased traction of the two muscle groups attached to calcaneus - the gastrocnemius and plantar muscles. - Patho-anatomical changes on the X-ray (see separate table) appear as spotted enlightenment of the bone nucleus with uneven edges, and, instead of the bone structure of the apophysis, - a sharp compaction of it.-The clinical picture consists of special tenderness of the affected bone when walking and pressing on it. In addition, in the area affected by the process, swelling is often noted; the process gradually subsides as ossification ends. Differential diagnosis is made between tuberculosis and fracture; the course of the disease helps to clarify the condition. The prognosis is favorable in most cases. Prevention in the presence of pes valgus consists in prescribing moderate walking and strengthening the ligamentous apparatus. Treatment consists in the use of individual supinators, rest and protection of the corresponding bones from pressure by bandaging.

Treatment consists in the use of individual supinators, rest and protection of the corresponding bones from pressure by bandaging.