Pronation
Historical document, translated for reference. It reflects medical knowledge of the 1920s–30s and is not medical advice.
Summary
Pronation is the rotation of the radius bone together with the hand around a longitudinal axis passing through the center of the capitulum of the humerus and the midpoint of the capitulum of the ulna, bringing the hand into a palm-backward position. The opposite rotation of the radius with the hand around the same axis, bringing the palm forward, is called supination.
Encyclopedia entry (1928–1936)
Pronation, rotation of the radius bone together with the hand around a longitudinal axis passing through the center of the capitulum of the humerus and the midpoint of the capitulum of the ulna, bringing the hand into a palm-backward position. The opposite rotation of the radius with the hand around the same axis—palm forward—is called supination. The axis of pronation-supination, together with the longitudinal axis of the arm, is shown in the figure. Due to the closest biomechanical relationship between pronation-supination and rotations of the arm around its longitudinal axis, it is appropriate to call the latter hyperpronation and hypersupination; the combination of both can extend the range of mobility of the hand around its longitudinal axis to 240-300°. See Elbow joint.
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“Pronation.” Soviet Medical Encyclopedia. English translation of Bolshaya Meditsinskaya Entsiklopediya, 1st ed. (Moscow, 1928–1936), ed. N. A. Semashko. https://sovietmedicalencyclopedia.pages.dev/article/pronation/