Child Home

CHILD HOME, one of the types of institutions in the system for protecting motherhood and infancy, serves homeless children from 1 year to 3 years of age, admitted both from infant homes and from families (orphans and half-orphans). The Child Home has replaced the educational homes (see) and shelters that existed in pre-revolutionary times, which did not even justify the hopes placed in them at that time: they gave a high percentage of morbidity and mortality and created gloomy, apathetic, inactive children with low intelligence (the so-called "shelter children"). Premises. For a Child Home, it is best to allocate premises outside the city. To prevent the spread of infections, it is necessary to avoid large concentrations of children in a Child Home (average norm 30-40 children). Children are divided into groups (no more than 10 in each), which are separated from each other, have separate entrances and are served by separate staff. In this regard, suburban cottages for each group, which form separate families, are very convenient. Each group should have a bedroom, a playroom (which is also the dining room for winter and bad weather), a potty room, a washroom, and an entrance hall. Separately located are the list of linen and clothing (per child), the doctor's office, pharmacy, kitchen and laundry. In a separate wing - a boxed isolation ward. - Admission of children. From infant homes, children are admitted to a Child Home if there were no infectious diseases in the institution where they were located for 3 weeks, and from a home environment - after the child has gone through a 3-week quarantine; in the latter case, children must also be examined by separate specialists and be under the supervision of dispensaries. - Arrangement. Bedroom: beds at a distance of 1 m from each other with foldable side walls, 110 cm long and 65 cm wide; pictures and numbers above each bed; hair mattresses covered with oilcloth along the entire length, hair pillows; a small chair at each bed. Playroom, which is also the dining room, bright, painted with glue paint with depictions of scenes from children's lives; flowers in pots, aquarium, piano, small tables and chairs painted with colored enamel paint, a toy cupboard, a cupboard for children's dishes, walkers, carts, Montessori ladder, clock, room thermometer. - Potty room: number of potties equal to the number of children; potties are marked with specific drawings and numbers corresponding to the numbers above the beds so that each child knows their own potty; the potty room communicates with the toilet. - Washroom: low children's washbasins with 3 taps for one group; low hooks nailed for children's (individual) towels; the same pictures and numbers at each hook; a specific pattern on the towel; each child must know their towel, its place, and remove and hang it back themselves. Above the hooks, individual glasses for mouth rinsing, toothbrushes and powder; two children's bathtubs and shower; a rack with children's bathing sheets (the same pictures and numbers). - Entrance hall: cupboard divided into compartments for outerwear and headgear. List of linen and clothing (per child). Pillows 50 cm long and 38 cm wide (50% in reserve).......1 piece. Mattress 106 cm long and 65 cm wide (50% in reserve).......1 » Oilcloth for the entire mattress......1 » (based on 50% of all children) Sheets..............3 » Pillowcases.............3 » Duvet covers...........3 » Warm blankets 106 cm long, 106 cm wide..............2 » Fabric blankets 106 cm long, 106 cm wide..........2 » Bed sacks.........2 » Cold swaddling clothes.........12 » » warm...........6 » Personal towels.........z » Fuzzy bathing sheets . . 2 > Warm nightshirts to fifth . . 2 » (based on 70% of all children) Warm night sweaters.......z » (based on 30% of all children) » fabric slippers.....2 pairs of three sizes. Day shirts.........4 pieces. » » Short gathered pants . 4 » » » Vests..............2 » two » Elastic garters........1 pair reserve 50% Long stockings above knees . . z pairs for 70% of three sizes. »

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» Felt boots or valenki with galoshes 1 » »

» Long warm pants (long johns) ..............2 » three sizes. Dinner napkins......6 pieces. Children's dish towels 6 » per group » for wiping table z » » » » for hands.......6 » » » 49S Regimen. At 8 a.m. washing, rubbing with a fuzzy towel, morning toilet (self-service principle - children are helped by a sister-educator), tidying up the bed (children help the nanny and sister-educator). 9 a.m. - breakfast at a specific table place. After breakfast - sitting on potties, 10 a.m. - walk, 1 p.m. - hand washing, lunch (of 3 courses), 2 p.m. - nap, 4 p.m. - afternoon snack (milk+biscuits), 5 p.m. - games, gymnastic exercises, 7 p.m. - dinner (of 2 courses), 8 p.m. - shower, bedtime, sleep. - Staff. The Child Home is managed by a pediatrician familiar with pedology and the pedagogy of early childhood. His assistant in medical and educational matters is an instructor sister, supervising the work of sister-educators. In each group, 3 sister-educators, who take turns on duty (day - from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m., evening - from 2 p.m. to 8 p.m., night - from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m.), and 2 cleaners (one during the day). The doctor's assistant in household matters is the manager of the household. Other staff (cook, laundresses, janitor, housekeeper) - depending on the size of the collective and local conditions. The Child Home is a medical-pedagogical institution; every moment of life is viewed from a medical and pedagogical perspective. "Children in a Child Home by the age of three should be able to wash, dress and undress independently, help dress little ones, walk properly up and down stairs, be accustomed to cleanliness, know how to serve at the table, be familiar with all items of domestic use, with domestic animals, with street life, be able to speak in phrases (almost without mispronouncing words), have certain interests and stable attention" (Gaveman and Straus). After three years, children move to public education institutions.