Cohnheim

COHNHEIM Julius Friedrich (Julius Friedrich Cohnheim, 1839-84), a well-known German pathologist, professor in Kiel, Breslau, and Leipzig. The main works of C. are: "Untersuchungen uber die embolischen Prozesse" (Berlin, 1872), where experimentally on the frog's tongue it was established the origin of hemorrhagic infarction as a result of occlusion of the terminal artery; a series of studies on inflammation, of which the latest are presented in the work "Neue Untersuchungen uber die Entziindung" (Berlin, 1873). C. traced in the living frog's mesentery all stages of the inflammatory process and described in detail the emigration of leukocytes through the vessel wall as an active process, their transformation into pus cells, and their participation in tissue restoration; according to his doctrine, which had wide circulation in the 70s and 80s, leukocytes are the source of regeneration of all tissues, including epithelium and nervous tissue. Among other works should be mentioned: "Die Tuberkulose vom Standpunkt der Infectionslehre" (Leipzig, 1880). C.'s course had a great influence on the development of general pathology—"Vorlesungen uber allgemeine Pathologie" (Vol. I-II, Berlin, 1877-80; Russian ed.—St. Petersburg, 1880). In this manual is set forth the doctrine of the origin of tumors (so-called "embryonic theory of Cohnheim"), according to which the source of tumors are islands of embryonic cells, remaining unspent in the development of tissues or detached and having entered another tissue in the process of organ formation; subsequently, according to Cohnheim, when the vital activity of surrounding tissues is weakened, such cells can begin to multiply intensively. After C.'s death was published a collection of his works (Cohnheim J., Gesammelte Abhandlungen, ed. by E. Wagner, Berlin, 1885).