North Caucasian Resorts

NORTH CAUCASIAN RESORTS, an extensive group of diverse climatic and balneological resorts, located in the North Caucasus region. The diversity of physical-geographical, geological, and climatic conditions of the North Caucasus region determines the extreme diversity of resort resources available in the North Caucasus region. The climate of the North Caucasus region (according to Figurovsky's scheme) is characterized by the following features: the northwestern part of the region - climate of feather grass steppes (II), in the northeast - dry continental climate of the Aralo-Caspian type (III), the zone of moderately cold climate of West-European type (IX) passes through the mountainous areas throughout the region to the north of the Side Ridge, the zone of mountain alpine climate (VIII) lies along the Side Ridge, the zone of cold climate (X) - on the Watershed Ridge, and the polar climate (XI) - on the high mountain peaks. In the northern part of the Black Sea coast, we encounter Mediterranean subtropical (V) and humid subtropical (IV) climates. In the coastal parts of Dagestan, there are areas with Mediterranean (V) and Asia Minor (I) type subtropical climates. The distribution of these climates in the North Caucasus region can be seen on the map of mountain climate stations of the Caucasus (see Mountain Climate Stations), where climate zones, according to Figurovsky, are numbered with Roman numerals corresponding to the numbers in the above list. General characteristics of N.-K. r. Besides the world-famous resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters and the Black Sea coast (Sochi and Maçesta), there are many resorts and areas with natural therapeutic properties on the territory of the region. The North Caucasus region is rich in numerous (over 200) mineral springs of diverse composition, salt and mud lakes (see Mud Treatment Areas), climate stations: steppe, coastal along the shores of the Azov, Black and Caspian Seas, and mountainous at various altitudes (see Mountain Climate Stations). Some N.-K. r. (Caucasian Mineral Waters) have been exploited and studied for a long time, many N.-K. r. began to develop only in the last 25 years. Under Soviet power, interest in N.-K. r. has significantly increased, and after the nationalization of resorts, great work has been done on the study, improvement, and equipment of many resorts (see Resorts). Through the work of numerous expeditions in the last 10 years, the list of areas with natural therapeutic properties has been significantly expanded and prospects for the further development of the resort business in the region have been outlined. The numerous and diverse in their therapeutic properties N.-K. r., both now and in the future, will be a place of treatment not only for the population of the North Caucasus region, but also for other parts of the USSR. Grouping of N.-K. r. The scheme adopted in the publications of the resort department of the North Caucasus region health department divides N.-K. r. into 15 groups. I. Don group. Steppe areas for climate and grape treatment in the northern part of the region (Stanitsa Konstantinovskaya and Tsimlyanskaya). II. Sal-Manych group. Steppes suitable for koumiss treatment and salt lakes with mineral mud (Manych-Gruz mud bath), Sadkov mineral spring. III. Stavropol-Armavir group. Salt and mud lakes (Lushnikovskoye, Severo-Kalinovskoye, Prikumskoye, Ubezinskoye, Batalpashinskoye) and sulfur-alkali-Glauber's Kaladzhin springs. IV. Azov group: a) Yeyko-Akhtarsky district - mud bath near Azov on Lake Pilenkino, resort Yeysk (see Yeysk and Resorts), Khan mud lake; b) Taganrog district - climate stations and sea bathing (Polyakovka, Taganrog); c) Taman district - Golubitskaya mud bath, Temryuk muds, Tuzlyan salt lakes and muds. V. Novorossiysk-Tuapsin group: a) Anapa-Gelendzhik subgroup - coastal resorts Anapa with Semigorsky spring (see Anapa, Resorts), Kabardinka, Gelendzhik (see Gelendzhik, Resorts), Dzankhot, Arkhipo-Osipovka; b) Tuapsin subgroup - coastal stations (Novo-Mikhailovka, Glubokoye, Tuapse, Magri, Ashe, Lazarevka) (see Tuapse, Black Sea Coast). VI. Sochi group: a) Sochi-Maçestin subgroup - coastal climate stations Golinovka, Uch-Dere, Sochi (see Resorts, Sochi), Khosta and balneological resort Maçesta (see Maçesta Springs, Resorts); b) Krasnopolyanskaya subgroup - mountain climate station Krasnaya Polyana and mineral springs of the Mzymta River valley (see Black Sea Coast). VII. Kuban group. Mineral springs - Zaporozhye, Ilyinskoye, Psekupsk (see Psekupsk, Resorts) and Solenoyarskoye. VIII. Belorechensko-Maikop group. Mineral springs Abadzekhovskoye and Kamennomostskoye and mountainous areas with therapeutic properties - Mikhailovskaya Pustyn on the Belaya River and in the territory of the Caucasian highland reserve. IX. Karachay group. High-altitude resort Teberda (see Resorts), mountainous areas with natural therapeutic properties along the rivers B. Zelenchuk (Old dwelling), Marukh, Aksaut (New dwelling), in the upper reaches of Teberda and Uchkulana; carbon dioxide springs of various composition (over 25) - Dzhegmat, Garaly-kol, Makhar, Khurzuk and others. X. Kabardino-Balkar group. Diverse in composition (mainly carbon dioxide) springs (over 40) (Khassaut narzans and others), climate resort Nalchik (see Nalchik, Resorts), mountainous areas (up to 10) with natural therapeutic properties along the rivers Baksan, Adylsu, Chegem and Cherek. XI. North Ossetian group. Mineral (over 20) springs, mainly carbon dioxide, Alagir sulfur and others, high-altitude resort Tsey and high-altitude areas with therapeutic properties (climate treatment of the local population near glaciers). XII. Ingush group. Achaluk springs (see) and high-altitude climate station in Dzherakhovskoye gorge (Armkhi, Sunny Valley). XIII. Chechen group. Balneological resorts with hot mineral springs - Goryachevodsk (Lenin-resort) (see Goryachevodsk, Resorts), Sernovodsk (see Resorts, Sernovodsk) and Braguny and mountain climate station Shatoy. XIV. Group of Caucasian Mineral Waters. Caucasian Mineral Waters (see), Pyatigorsk (see) and Kumagorsk (see Resorts). XV. Dagestan group. Mineral springs, mainly sulfuric - resort Talgi (see Talgi Spring, Resorts), Akhtinsk hot sulfur-alkali, Miatlinsk hot and others, mud from lakes (Makhachkala) and warm sulfur springs (Miatli and others), sea bathing in Makhachkala, Derbent and others, mountain climate station in Gunib. List of N.-K. r. A. Resorts of all-Union significance: 1) Pyatigorsk, 2) Yessentuki, 3) Zheleznovodsk, 4) Kislovodsk, 5) Sochi, 6) Maçesta. B. Resorts of local significance: 7) Yeysk, 8) Psekupsk, 9) Anapa, 10) Gelendzhik, 11) Kumagorsk, 12) Goryachevodsk (Lenin-resort), 13) Sernovodsk, 14) Teberda, 15) Nalchik, 16) Talgi. C. Currently used (1934) areas of therapeutic significance (over 25 resorts): balneological (Achaluk, Braguny, Akhtinsk, Miatlinsk and others), mud baths (Azov, Golubitskaya, Sudzhuk, Tuzlyanskaya), coastal climate (Ashe, Kabardinka, Lazarevka, Magri, Uch-Dere, Khosta and others) and mountainous (Adylsu, Armkhi, Baksan, Gunib, Krasnaya Polyana, Tsey, Shatoy and others). See also Mountain Climate Stations, Mud Treatment Areas, Transcaucasian Resorts, Caucasian Mineral Waters, Black Sea Coast. Maps see Mountain Climate Stations, Mud Treatment Areas, Caucasian Mineral Waters, Resorts.