Savchenko

SAVCHENKO Ivan Grigorievich (1862-1932), the foremost representative of the first Russian bacteriologists and a renowned pathologist. He graduated in 1888 from Kiev University, where, while still a student, he published his first scientific work on leprosy. After graduating from the university, he served as prosector in the department of general pathology under Professor Podvysotsky. In 1893, he defended his dissertation on 'Sporozoan parasites in malignant tumors' (Kiev, 1894). In 1895, he worked at the Pasteur Institute under Professor I. I. Mechnikov. From 1896 to 1919, he was professor of general pathology at Kazan Institute and director of the Kazan bacteriological institute. During this time, S. aligned with the right-wing faction of the professorate. From 1920 until the end of his life, S. was professor of pathophysiology at the Kuban Medical Institute and director of the Krasnodar bacteriological institute. During his 43-year scientific and pedagogical career, S. published over 100 scientific works. S., together with Zabolotny, in 1893 for the first time successfully demonstrated on themselves the possibility of enteral vaccination against cholera, thereby laying the foundation for the application of local immunization. In 1907, S. proposed his method for preparing scarlet fever serum, which is now accepted in many institutes in the USSR and abroad and bears the name of S. There is hardly any infection that has not been addressed by the research of S. The originality, precise scientific substantiation, and relevance of all of S.'s research brought him European fame. From S.'s school came a number of prominent Russian scientists. Along with his scientific activities, S. organized 2 sanitary-bacteriological institutes—in Kazan and Krasnodar. S.'s outstanding scientific, pedagogical, and public activities were recognized on the occasion of his 40th anniversary by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on November 15, 1928, granting him the title of 'Honored Scientist of the RSFSR.' The Krasnodar sanitary-bacteriological institute was named after Savchenko. Principal printed works: 'Changes in bones in leprosy' (Doctor, Vol. VIII, No. 17, 1887); 'Osteitis et osteomyelitis leprosa' (Ztschr. f. path. Anat. u. allg. Pathologie, Vol. IX, No. 9); 'Die Sporozoen in Geschwulsten' (Centrbl. f. Bakt., 1892); 'Über den Milzbrand bei Tauben' (ibid.); 'On the pathological histology of cholera' (Doctor, Vol. XIV, 1893); 'Experience in immunizing humans against cholera' (together with D. Zabolotny, ibid.); 'Sporozoan parasites in malignant tumors' (Kiev, 1894); 'Pseudoactinomycosis hominis' (anaerobic bacillus causing diseases similar to actinomycosis) (Russian Archive of Pathology, Clinical Medicine and Bacteriology, 1894); 'Etudes sur l'immunite contre le charbon' (Ann. de l'Inst. Pasteur, 1896); 'Etudes sur la fievre recurrente' (ibid.); 'Morphological notes on the pathogenesis of new growths' (Russian Archive of Pathology, Clinical Medicine and Bacteriology, Vol. XI, 1901); 'On the similarity of blastomycetes with inclusions in tumor cells' (ibid.); 'On the role of fixers and alexins in phagocytosis' (ibid., and in Ann. de l'Inst. Pasteur, 1904); 'On the preparation of scarlet fever serum' (Russian Doctor, 1907). A series of works on the molecular-physical theory of phagocytosis: 'On the theory of phagocytosis' (together with V. Barykin, Archive of Biological Sciences, Vol. XV, Issue 5, 1906); 'On the significance of the reaction medium for phagocytosis' (together with V. Aristovsky, ibid., Vol. XVII, Issue 2, 1908) and others, published there in 1908-10-11-14. A series of reports at the Pirogov congresses and congresses of naturalists—on tumors, immunity, on serum treatment of scarlet fever and lobar pneumonia, etc. A series of works on cholera, malaria, and immunity, published in the Kuban Scientific-Medical Bulletin for 1922-30, Works of the Kuban Malarial Station, and the Kazan Medical Journal. Particularly valuable are S.'s original works on immunology, in which he for the first time gave a physico-chemical substantiation of the phenomena of phagocytosis.

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Originality, precise scientific substantiation, and relevance of all of S.'s research brought him European fame. From S.'s school came a number of prominent Russian scientists. Along with his scientific activities, S. organized 2 sanitary-bacteriological institutes—in Kazan and Krasnodar. S.'s outstanding scientific, pedagogical, and public activities were recognized on the occasion of his 40th anniversary by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on November 15, 1928, granting him the title of 'Honored Scientist of the RSFSR.' The Krasnodar sanitary-bacteriological institute was named after Savchenko. Principal printed works: 'Changes in bones in leprosy' (Doctor, Vol. VIII, No. 17, 1887); 'Osteitis et osteomyelitis leprosa' (Ztschr. f. path. Anat. u. allg. Pathologie, Vol. IX, No. 9); 'Die Sporozoen in Geschwulsten' (Centrbl. f. Bakt., 1892); 'Über den Milzbrand bei Tauben' (ibid.); 'On the pathological histology of cholera' (Doctor, Vol. XIV, 1893); 'Experience in immunizing humans against cholera' (together with D. Zabolotny, ibid.); 'Sporozoan parasites in malignant tumors' (Kiev, 1894); 'Pseudoactinomycosis hominis' (anaerobic bacillus causing diseases similar to actinomycosis) (Russian Archive of Pathology, Clinical Medicine and Bacteriology, 1894); 'Etudes sur l'immunite contre le charbon' (Ann. de l'Inst. Pasteur, 1896); 'Etudes sur la fievre recurrente' (ibid.); 'Morphological notes on the pathogenesis of new growths' (Russian Archive of Pathology, Clinical Medicine and Bacteriology, Vol. XI, 1901); 'On the similarity of blastomycetes with inclusions in tumor cells' (ibid.); 'On the role of fixers and alexins in phagocytosis' (ibid., and in Ann. de l'Inst. Pasteur, 1904); 'On the preparation of scarlet fever serum' (Russian Doctor, 1907). A series of works on the molecular-physical theory of phagocytosis: 'On the theory of phagocytosis' (together with V. Barykin, Archive of Biological Sciences, Vol. XV, Issue 5, 1906); 'On the significance of the reaction medium for phagocytosis' (together with V. Aristovsky, ibid., Vol. XVII, Issue 2, 1908) and others, published there in 1908-10-11-14. A series of reports at the Pirogov congresses and congresses of naturalists—on tumors, immunity, on serum treatment of scarlet fever and lobar pneumonia, etc. A series of works on cholera, malaria, and immunity, published in the Kuban Scientific-Medical Bulletin for 1922-30, Works of the Kuban Malarial Station, and the Kazan Medical Journal. Particularly valuable are S.'s original works on immunology, in which he for the first time gave a physico-chemical substantiation of the phenomena of phagocytosis.