Shamov

SHAMOV Vladimir Nikolaevich (born in 1880), a famous surgeon, one of the oldest students of S. P. Fedorov, a holder of orders. He graduated in 1908 from the Military Medical Academy and was retained at the clinic of Prof. Fedorov. In 1911, he defended his dissertation "The Significance of Physical Methods for the Surgery of Malignant Neoplasms" (St. Petersburg, 1912). In this work, the author then already correctly assessed all the significance of electrocoagulation, which only 20 years later received general recognition. In 1913, Sh. received a one-year scientific mission to England and North America, where he visited the clinics of the largest surgeons (the Mayo brothers, Cushing, Cushing, and others). In 1920, he was elected professor of the University of Perm (but did not enter into the performance of duties). In 1923, he took the chair of the faculty surgical clinic at the Kharkov Medical Institute. At present, Sh. is the director of the faculty surgical clinic of the Kharkov Medical Institute, the head of the surgical clinic of the All-Ukrainian Institute of Experimental Medicine, and the director of the regional clinical hospital. Sh. was the first in Russia to successfully perform blood transfusion and widely contributed to the development of this problem both by his own personal works and speeches at congresses and in scientific societies, as well as by the works and reports of his students. Sh. was the first to propose and experimentally confirm on dogs the possibility of transfusing corpse blood. He proposed a method of complete isolation of an intestinal loop from all its nervous connections, as well as the principle of using an intestinal loop for antethoracic esophageal plastic surgery. Sh. was the first in Russia to begin working with the tissue culture method. Shamov's scientific works (more than 40), many of which are of a monographic nature, are published in Russian, German, and American journals, as well as in large manuals published in recent years. Alongside his scientific and pedagogical activity, Sh. carries out a large amount of social work. He is a co-editor or a member of the editorial boards of a number of journals, as well as actively participates in various societies and organizations.

CHARCOT Jean Martin (1825-1893), the famous French neuropathologist. The first period of Sh.'s scientific activity is characterized by a number of works on internal pathology: a dissertation on chronic joint rheumatism, works on tuberculosis, on cancer, on febrile states, on changes in blood, on those crystals which later received his name (Charcot-Leyden crystals), on embolisms and thromboses, on some skin diseases, on chronic pneumonia; and only one work during that time had a neurological character—the famous work on intermittent claudication. Sh. began to deal specifically with neurological topics only in 1862, when together with Vulpian he took charge of the Salpêtrière department—a huge hospital with a population of 5,000 people, with colossal clinical material. Here Sh. spent 30 years, created a patho-anatomical laboratory that enriched neurology with a long series of discoveries, created an auditorium that attracted listeners from all over the world to its walls, and conducted a huge amount of research concerning diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems and neuroses. Sh. created the doctrine of multiple sclerosis. He deepened knowledge of the clinical picture of Parkinson's disease and taught to distinguish it from multiple sclerosis. He described arthropathies and spontaneous bone fractures in tabes and gave pathophysiological explanations for some symptoms of this disease. He created the entire doctrine of lateral amyotrophic sclerosis and at the same time laid the foundation for the separation of the huge aggregate group of Aran-Duchenne atrophy. He isolated hypertrophic cervical pachymeningitis. He established the connection of infantile paralysis with damage to the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and established the independence of pseudohypertrophic paralysis from any spinal lesion. Sh. was the first to prove by anatomical investigation the connection of Duchen's paralysis glosso-labio-laryngea with primary damage to the nuclei of the motor cranial nerves and at the same time pointed out the existence of pseudobulbar paralysis.