Marey

MAREY Etienne Jules (Etienne Jules Ma-rey, 1830-1904), outstanding French physiologist; from 1867-professor of natural history at College de France and founder of the Marey Institute in Paris. A major experimentalist, author of a series of new instruments for recording the movements of animals and their organs. Among the most important inventions of M. should be included a) the pneumatic capsule (also called the tambour or Marey's drum) for automatic recording of movements and b) a series of instruments for photographing movements (photographic gun-revolver, chronophotographic camera, etc.), which served as the scientific basis for the subsequent invention of cinematography. He also developed new designs of the sphygmograph, cardiograph, etc. Marey's early research pertained to the theory of blood circulation. His greatest fame came from his remarkable experiments on the movements of humans and many animal species, which he presented in numerous journal articles from 1874-98 and in a series of monographs. The most important of these are: "Du mouvement dans les fonctions de la vie" (P., 1868); "La machine animale, locomotion terrestre et aerienne" (P., 1874-86); "La methode graphique dans les sciences experimentales" (P., 1885); "Physiologie experimentale, travaux du laboratoire de M." (P., 1875-80); "Le mouvement" (P., 1894). (See also Graphic Method and Movements.)