Pole

Pole Andrey Ivanovich (1794-1864), surgeon, chief doctor of the former Yekaterininskaya Hospital in Moscow and director of the surgical clinic. Being the first professor of the hospital surgical clinic (1846-59), P. developed a teaching method for the fifth-year course. He tried to give students more independence, up to operating after preliminary exercises on corpses. The students' classes in P.'s clinic largely resembled modern practical training. P. was an excellent surgical technician. He performed more than 1,500 lithotomies, 200 lithotriptics. P. was the first to perform lithotripsy in children. Among other operations, P. can be mentioned: ligation of the common carotid artery (for aneurysm) and other large arteries, resection of almost the entire lower jaw, echinococotomy in the retroperitoneal tissue, etc. Pole began to use ether and chloroform anesthesia from 1847 (in Germany, chloroform was first used in 1849).