Ligaments

LIGAMENTS, ligamenta (from Latin ligo - I bind), a term used in normal anatomy of ligaments of humans and higher vertebrates, primarily to denote dense connective tissue cords, plates, etc., that supplement and reinforce various types of skeletal bone connections. Together with bones and joints, ligaments should be classified as the passive part of the motor apparatus. The term "ligamentum (a)" was introduced into anatomy only in modern times; previously, ligaments were denoted by the Latin name "vinculum (a)" (from vincire - to bind) or by the even older term "desmos" and "syndesmos" (see Syndesmology).-According to microscopic structure, ligaments are classified as anatomical formations consisting of dense connective tissue - collagenous or elastic. In some cases, ligaments are formed almost entirely of dense collagen fibers with a small admixture of elastic fibers - syndesmosis fibrosa (e.g., lig. interclaviculare, stylohyoideum, etc.); in others, they consist exclusively of elastic fibers - syndesmosis elastica (Fick), synelastosis (Rauber) (e.g., lig. flava of the spine). In a mechanical sense, the first and second types of ligaments are mutually opposite. Most ligaments are located near joints, serving as their auxiliary apparatus. In the mechanics of a particular joint, ligaments have different functional significance. Accordingly, some are called strengthening ligaments, as they, together with other factors (see Joints), contribute to securing the bones articulating with each other, being located either externally and weaving their fibers into the joint capsule (lig. extraarticularia: lig. ischiocapsulare, lig. temporomandibulare, etc.) or inside the joint cavity [lig. intraarticularia (see fig. VIII, art. 134): lig. teres femoris, etc.].-The second group consists of restraining ligaments, which restrain or limit movements in a particular joint [for example, the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (see vol. XIII, art. 373-374, fig. 2-4) of the knee joint limit inward rotation of the tibia, lig. iliofemorale restrains strong extension and adduction of the thigh].-The third variety of joint ligaments are so-called guiding (movement) ligaments, which exert their influence either on the entire course of movement in a given joint or on a particular moment of it. An example of guiding ligaments can be the intraarticular ligaments of the knee joint (lig. cruciata) (see vol. XIII, art. 373-374, fig. 2-4). Some ligaments, in terms of functional significance, are mixed: both strengthening and guiding (lig. collateralia of the elbow joint, etc.) (see vol. XVI, art. 338, fig. 7). Restraining ligaments are often located where the joint capsule undergoes maximum stretching; guiding ligaments are in areas located on the sides of the joint and between the planes of groups of muscles that are antagonists, as well as, for example, in angular joints on the side of the articulation where flexion or extension is impossible (on the sides of the joint). Ligaments play an essential role not only in the dynamics of individual skeletal segments but also in statics. Thus, severe stretching or transection of the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint disrupts both walking and standing. In such important parts of the skeletal system from a statics point of view as the spine and foot, ligaments have the role of so-called passive tensioning devices, the relaxation of which leads to violations of static functions and to changes in the size and shape of the corresponding skeletal segments (bodies). Individual ligaments are located outside of connections with joints, connecting neighboring bones or even separate parts of the same bone (lig. coracoacromiale, stretched between the coracoid and acromial processes of the scapula) (see vol. XVI, art. 379, fig. 6). Some ligaments have the appearance of plates-membranes, located between bones (see vol. XII, art. 463, fig. 1) (see Forearm, Leg) as interosseous membranes. These same ligaments are intermuscular septa (lig. intermuscularia). Others close the openings of bones, large fissures (lig. obturatoria) or extend over a notch of a separate bone, forming together with it an opening for the passage of vessels and nerves (lig. scapulae sup.) or finally bridge over a groove formed by several bones, and limit a canal for the passage of tendons, nerves, etc. (lig. carpi transversum, limiting the canalis carpalis). All the listed ligaments, as connective tissue formations of the passive part of the motor apparatus, develop from mesenchyme. Parallel with the formation of bones, joints, joints with their capsules, etc., the development of the ligamentous apparatus proceeds, and in formed joints, some ligaments are so closely interwoven with the fibrous capsule that they are artificially isolated as denser, formed bundles, giving them a special name. The mechanical properties of ligaments of various parts of the motor apparatus and individual ligaments vary. In particular, their strength under tension (and rupture), their elasticity, etc., differ. Strength under tension (according to R. Fick) is 6.5 kg per 1 mm². The strongest ligament in the human body is considered to be lig. iliofemorale (see vol. XI, art. 29, fig. 9 and 10), withstanding a load of 350 kg, and the second in strength - lig. plantare longum (load 200 kg; Lesgaft). The strength of individual ligaments is so great that with strong stretching, not rupture of the ligaments themselves is observed, but avulsion of a piece of bone to which the given ligament is attached (so-called avulsion fracture); for example, the strength of lig. deltoidei (see vol. VII, art. 459, fig. 4) is so significant that with sudden abduction of the foot, it often tears off the top of the medial malleolus, but does not rupture itself. The elasticity of the ligamentous apparatus, like its strength, varies not only in its individual parts but also depending on individuality, body type, sex, and age. Age-related changes consist in the fact that in childhood, ligaments are the most elastic and pliable, and in old age, due to senile changes in all connective tissue formations, ligaments to a large extent lose the characteristic properties of their tissue. The term "ligaments" is also used to denote a whole series of other anatomical formations (of various systems of the human body) of connective tissue or connective tissue with an admixture of muscle fibers and even formations consisting of serous membranes. Ligaments are also called connective tissue cords remaining after the obliteration of blood vessels of the placental circulation period. Such are lig. teres hepatis (vol. XXIV, art. 531, fig. 1) - the obliterated umbilical vein, lig. venosum, lig. arteriosum, lig. vesico-umbilicalia lateralia. №№ Latin and Russian names. Synonyms. Attachment sites. Position. Purpose (function) Accessoria (additional). Syn.: auxiliaria Dense fibrous cords strengthening joint capsules Accessoria (Henle) (additional)-see 205 Accessorium (Meckel) (additional)-see 267 Accessoria costarum (additional ribs) Additional auxiliary ligaments to lig. costotransversarium anterius (see also 243) Accessorium cubiti (additional elbow) Anterior bundles of the fibrous capsule of the elbow joint 6 Accessoria digitorum manus (additional finger ligaments)-see 17 Accessorium humeri (additional shoulder)-see 234 8 Accessorium laterale articulationis mandibularis (lateral additional of the temporomandibular joint)- see 699 9 Accessorium laterale genu (lateral additional of the knee)-see 198 Accessorium mediale articulationis mandibularis (medial additional of the temporomandibular joint)- ^! see 624 ' Accessorium obliquum (oblique additional) Part of lig. radiocarpale volare (see also 579) Accessoria plantaria articulationis metatarso-phalangeae (additional plantar ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal joint) Bundles of collateral ligaments (lig. collateralia artic. metatarsophalangeae (see 207), directed plantward and reinforcing the joint capsules. They include an admixture of fibrocartilage, sometimes also sesamoid bones Accessorium radiale (Henle) (radial additional)-see 202 Accessorium rectum carpi (Weitbrechti) (straight additional of the wrist) Part of lig. radiocarpale volare (see also 579) Accessorium ulnare (Henle) (ulnar additional)-see 204 Accessoria vaga (additional)-see 602 and 603 Accessoria volaria articulationis metacarpo-phalangeae (additional palmar ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joint). Syn.: accessoria digitorum manus Strong ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints, located on the palmar side of the joint capsules in a transverse direction Acromioclavicular (acromioclavicular). Syn.: capsulare claviculare externum Thickened part of the capsule of the joint between the acromial process of the scapula and the clavicle. Strengthens the joint Acromioclavicular (acromioclavicular)-see 228 Adiposum genu (Cruveilhier) (fatty of the knee) Corresponds to plica synovialis patellaris (fold of the synovial membrane of the knee joint) Alare dentis (alar of the tooth). Syn.: epistrophei, s. alare major, s. superior, s. Maucharti, s. odontoideum Paired short ligaments, stretched from the odontoid process of the second cervical vertebra to the medial surfaces of the articular processes of the occipital bone and to the edges of the foramen magnum Alaria genu (alar of the knee) Corresponds to plicae alares mediae et laterales.

Plastic folds of the synovial membrane of the knee joint, filling the space between the articulating bones at the moment of displacement of the patella upward. Alveolar (cellular) Name of the periodontum (Malassez). Annular (ring-shaped) - see 151. Annulare anterior tarsi (anterior ring-shaped of the tarsus) - see 264. Annulare baseos stapedis (ring-shaped ligament of the base of the stapes), filling the space between the latter and the edge of the oval window on the inner wall of the tympanic cavity. Annulare externum malleoli (ring-shaped of the lateral malleolus) - see 264. Annulare femoris (ring-shaped of the thigh). Corresponds to zona orbicularis (see also 804). Annulare inf. (Weber) (inferior ring-shaped) - see 68. Annulare int. malleoli (ring-shaped of the medial malleolus) - see 402. Anaulare meatus acustici externi (ring-shaped of the external auditory canal). Fibrous tissue attaching the cartilaginous part of the external auditory canal to the periosteum of the temporal bone. №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function). Annulare post, carpi (posterior ring-shaped of the wrist) - see 577. Annulare pubis (ring-shaped of the pubis). Fibrous ring strengthening the lamina fibro-cartilaginea interpubica. Annulare radii (ring-shaped of the radius). Syn.: coronarium radii, s. orbiculare radii. Ligament of the elbow joint, whose fibers are interwoven into the capsule of the latter; attached to the anterior and posterior edges of the incisurae radialis ulnae, encircling the head of the radius. Strengthens the proximal radioulnar joint. Tendon fibers of some muscles are interwoven into the ligament, tensioning it during movement and protecting it from entrapment. Annulare superius (Weber) (superior ring-shaped) - see 558. Annularia digitorum manus (ring-shaped of the fingers of the hand). Syn.: fibrae annulares. Fibrous bundles of the tendon sheaths, located on the palmar surface of the interphalangeal joints of the hand. Often absent on the II and III phalanges, best developed on the I phalanx. Annularia digitorum pedis (ring-shaped of the toes). Syn.: fibrae annulares. Fibrous bundles strengthening the tendon sheaths of the toes and located on the plantar side of the interphalangeal joints. Annularia trachealia (ring-shaped of the trachea). Syn.: interannularia, s. annuli ligamentosi. Connective tissue filling the spaces between the cartilages of the trachea and connecting the latter to each other. Ano-coccygeum (anorectal-coccygeal). Syn.: linea alba ano-coccygea (Cruveilhier), s. alba muscularis ischio-coccygei (Henle), s. raphe recto-coccygea. Tendon bundles of m. sphincter ani externus, attached to the apex of the coccyx. Anteriora durae matris (anterior of the dura mater). Connective tissue bundles connecting the ventral wall of the sac of the dura mater of the spinal cord with lig. longitudinale post, and lig. sacro-coccygeum posterius. Anterius cubiti (anterior of the elbow). Anterior part of the capsule of the elbow joint. Anterius internum articulationis talo-cruralis (Meckel) (anterior internal of the talocrural joint) - see 717. Anterius vesicae (anterior of the bladder) - see 765. Antibrachii (Weitbrechti) (of the forearm). Corresponds to chorda obliqua (see also 476). Antibrachio-lunato-hamatum dorsale (Griinther) (dorsal of the forearm-lunate-hamate) - see 163. Apicis coccygis (of the apex of the coccyx) - see 175. Apicis dentis epistrophei (of the apex of the tooth of the epistropheus). Syn.: dentis posticum, s. medium ant. et post, dentis epistrophei (Barkow), s. medius dentis posticum (Barkow), s. rectum medium (Meckel), s. suspensorium dentis posterius (Luschka), s. epistrophei. Fibrous bundles stretched from the apex of the odontoid process of the epistropheus to the anterior circumference of the foramen occipitale magnum. Apicis incudis (of the apex of the incus) - see 349. Apicum (apical). General designation of all lig. supraspinalia from Cvn to the sacrum (see also 655). Arantii (Arantii's) - see 781. Arcuatum carpi dorsale (dorsal arcuate of the wrist). Dorsal ligament of the wrist, thrown in the form of an arch from the radial edges of the bones of the I and II row of the wrist to os triquetrum, bypassing os capitatum and os hamatum. Arcuatum carpi volare (volar arcuate of the wrist). Arc-shaped ligamentous bundle on the palmar surface of the wrist, into which fibers of lig. ulno-carpeum volare and lig. radio-carpeum volare are interwoven (see also 762 and 579). Arcuatum externum diaphragmatis (Halleri) (external arcuate of the diaphragm). Corresponds to arcus lumbo-costalis lateralis. See Diaphragm. Arcuatum genu (arcuate of the knee) - see 535. Arcuatum inferius pubis (inferior arcuate of the pubis) - see 58. Arcuatum internum diaphragmatis (internal arcuate of the diaphragm). Corresponds to arcus lumbo-costalis medialis. See Diaphragm. Arcuatum profundum (Griinther) (deep arcuate). Part of lig. collaterale carpi radiale (see also 196). №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function). Arcuatum pubis (arcuate of the pubis). Syn.: arcuatum, s. arcuatum inferius, s. annulare inf. (Weber), s. pubis inf. (Cruveilhier), s. subpubicum. Strong ligament going along the lower edge of symphysis os. pubis from the inferior branch of the pubic bone of one side to that of the other side and connecting along the way with fibrocartilaginous mass. Strengthens the pubic symphysis. Б9 Arcuatum superficiale (Guntner) (superficial arcuate). Part of lig. collaterale carpi radiale (see also 193). Arcuatum superius pubis (superior arcuate) - see 653. Arcuatum (Tourtual) (arcuate). Elastic connective tissue bundles between lig. vocale et ventriculare. Arcuum (arches) - see 305. Armillae (of the wrist) - see 153. Arteriosum (arterial). Syn.: chorda ductus arteriosi, s. Botalli. Connective tissue cord extending from a. pulmonalis (at its division into right and left branches) and attached to the concavity of arcus aortae after the departure of a. subclavia sin. from the latter. Represents the remnant of the obliterated ductus arteriosus (Botalli) of the period of placental circulation. Articulationis cubiti ant. (anterior of the elbow joint). Strong cords (from the palmar surface) of lig. capsulare cubiti. Articulationis mandibularis (of the mandibular joint). Ligaments of the mandibular joint (human): lig. temporo-mandibulare, spheno-mandibulare et stylo-mandibulare, as well as raphe pterygo-mandibularis (see also 699, 624, 612). Articulationis pedis laterale externum (Arnold) (external lateral of the foot joint). General designation of lig. talo-fibulare et calcaneo-fibulare (see also 681, 682 and Ш). Ary-corniculatum (arytenoid-corniculate). Corresponds to synchondrosis ary-corniculata. Connects the apex of cartil, aryt. with cartil. corniculata of the same side. Ary-epiglottica (arytenoid-epiglottic). Corresponds to plica ary-epiglottica. See Larynx. Ary-santorinianum (arytenoid-santorinian). Corresponds to synchondrosis ary-corniculata - see 68. Astragalo-calcaneum externum (Meckel) (external talo-calcaneal) - see 676. 72 Astragalo-calcaneum intern, ant. (Meckel) (internal talo-calcaneal anterior) - see 67S. Astragalo-calcaneum interosseum (talo-calcaneal interosseous) - see 678. Astragalo-calcaneum interosseum anterius (Barkow) (interosseous talo-calcaneal anterior) - see 677. : 75 Astragalo-calcaneum interosseum posterius (Barkow) (interosseous talo-calcaneal posterior) - see 676. Astragalo-calcaneum posterius (Meckel) (posterior talo-calcaneal) - see 680. Astragalo-scaphoidea ext. et medium (Barkow) (external and middle talo-navicular) - see 683. Astragalo-scaphoideum interosseum (interosseous talo-navicular) - see 676. Atlanto-epistrophicum accessorium (Rau-ber) (accessory between atlas and epistropheus). Syn.: collaterale atlanto-axiale mediale (Fick). Ligament going from the body of the epistropheus to the lateral masses of the atlas. Atlanto-epistrophicum anterius (anterior between atlas and epistropheus) - see 428. Atlanto-occipitale anterius profundum (anterior deep atlanto-occipital). Syn.: anticum profundum. Corresponds to membrana atlanto-occipitalis anterior. Connective tissue plate filling the space between the anterior arch of the atlas and the occipital bone. Atlanto-occipitale post, (posterior atlanto-occipital). Corresponds to membrana atlanto-occipitalis posterior. Connective tissue plate filling the gap between the posterior arch of the atlas and the occipital bone. Atlanto-occipitale superficiale (superficial atlanto-occipital). Upper end of lig. longitudinale anterius (see also 428). Auriculare (anterior auricular). Syn.: anterius, s. Valsalvae, post, et superius, s. pinnae (Macalister). Connective tissue cords helping to strengthen the cartilage of the auricle on the temporal bone. Auxiliaria (auxiliary) - see 1. №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function). Basium dorsalia ossium motacart alium (dorsal bases of the metacarpal bones). Syn.: baseos metacarpi, s. intermetacarpalia (Giinthcr), s. intermetatarpea interossea, s. propria dorsalia metacarpi (Weber). Dorsal ligaments strengthening the composite capsules of the carpometacarpal joints and located between the bases of the metacarpal bones. Basium dorsalia ossium metatarsalium (dorsal bases of the metatarsal bones).

Syn.: baseos metatarsi, s. transversalia, s. interbasica dorsalia, s. propria dorsalia tarsi (Weber) Dorsal ligaments of the tarsometatarsal joint (Lisfranc), reinforcing the joint capsule and located transversely between the bases of the metatarsal bones Basium interossea ossium metacarpalium (interosseous bases of the metacarpal bones) Dense ligaments closing the intermetacarpal joints and located between the bases of the metacarpal bones Basium interossea ossium metatarsaliam (interosseous bases of the metatarsal bones) Fibrous bundles filling the interosseous spaces between the dorsal and plantar ligaments and strengthening the tarsometatarsal joint (Lisfranc) * Basium plantaria ossium metatarsalium (plantar bases of the metatarsal bones). Syn.: baseos metatarsi, s. bifurcata profunda, s. recta longitudinS05 №№ , Latin and Russian names. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Calcaneo-cuboideum plantare (plantar calcaneocuboid). Syn.: profun-duin.s.rhomb'iidcum iWeflbreclit),s. surn-mum (\VVbr). s. transversum (Barkow), s. calcaneo-cuhoideum inf., s. tarsn-cal-caneum plantare, s. massa ligamentosa pedis A wide, fan-shaped ligament of the calcaneocuboid joint, located on the plantar side of the foot between the calcaneus and cuboid bone and continuing into fibrocarti-lago naVIcularis. Forms a passive "tensioner" of the bony arch of the foot Calcaneo-cuboideum plantare longum (long plantar calcaneocuboid). Syn.: superficiale (Barkow)-see 530 Calcaneo-cuhoideum plintnre transver- sum (transverse plantar calcaneocuboid) A short plantar ligament connecting the calcaneus and cuboid bone Calcaneo-cuboideum rectum (Barkow) (straight calcaneocuboid)-see 530 Calcaneo-cuboidrum superius (Meckel) (superior calcaneocuboid) The dorsal part of the joint capsule of the calcaneocuboid joint Calcaneo fibul arp (calcaneofibular). Сип.: collaterals* laterale p^dis, s. fibulae medium perpendiculare (Weit-brncht). s. fibulare calcmei. s. lateral? ex-ternum arliculi pedis (Barkow), s. litera-le externum fibulae rectum, s- triquet-* rum pedis (Meckel) A ligament consisting of two layers and strengthening articulatio talo-rruralis; stretched from the anterior edge of the lateral malleolus to the lateral surface of the calcaneus. Limits the descent of the lateral edge of the foot Calcaneo-metatarseum (Weber) (calcaneometatarsal) Part of aponeurosis plantaris , Calcaneo-naVIculare dorsale (dorsal calcaneonavicular). Syn.: prismHicum (Weitbrecht) profundum, s. calcan<o-scaphoideum dorsale (externum)(Barkow), s. superius (Meckel) A small ligament of the talocalcaneonavicular joint Calcaneo-navfeulnre interosseum (interosseous calcaneonavicular). Syn.: late-rale (Krause) Corresponds to pars calcaneo-naVIcularis lig. bifurcati (see also 95) Calcaneo naVIeulare mediale (medial calcaneonavicular). Syn.: plantare, s. teres (Weitbrecht) The medial part of lig. calcaneo-navjculare plantare (see also 120) Calcaneo-naVIeulare medium (middle calcaneonavicular) The lateral part of lig. calcaneo-naVIculare Calcaneo-naVIculare plantare (plantar calcaneonavicular). Syn.: eal-caneo-scaphoideum inferius (Meckel), s. internum, s. medium (Barkow) s. cartila-gineum calcaneo-naVIculare (Weber) A strong plantar ligament, stretched between the lower-medial side of ossis naVIcularis, sustentaeulum tali and the anterior-medial process of the calcaneus. Contains a cartilaginous inclusion (fibrocartilago naVIcularis); forms a passive tensioner of the bony arch of the foot Calcaneo-scaphoideum (calcaneonavicular)-see 116 and 120 Calca neo-ti b ia le (calcaneofibular). Syn.: tibio-calcaneo-naVIculare One of the four parts of lig. deltoideum pedis (see 283): a ligament of the ankle joint, going from the medial malleolus to sustentaeulum tali of the calcaneus. Limits strong elevation of the lateral edge of the foot Canaliculorum labyrinth! (Rfidinger) (canals of the labyrinth) Strengthening cords of the membranous semicircular canals 124 125 Capitato-hamatum (capitate-hamate) Lig. intercarpeum interosseum between the capitate and hamate bones Capituli costae ant. inf. (Barkow) (anterior inferior head of the rib) Part of lig. capituli costae radiatum (see also 129) 12S Capituli costae ant. sup. (Barkow) (anterior superior head of the rib) Part of lig. capituli costae radiatum (see also 129) Capituli costae interarticulare (interarticular head of the rib). Syn.: intermedium transversum, s. cartilago inlerarti-cularis capituli costae, s. interosseum costo-vertebrale (Cruveilhiei), s. teres capituli costae, s, Clccnieti, s. intraarticu-lare Fibrocartilaginous ligament, going from the crest of the head of the rib to the intervertebral cartilage (inside the joint-articulatio capituli costae). These ligaments are present in the heads of 11-X ribs Capituli costae intraarticulare (intraarticular head of the rib)-see 127 №№ Latin and Russian names. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Capituli costae radiatum (radiate head of the rib). Syn.: anterius, s. costo-ver-tebrale ant., s. radiatum (Henle) Fibrous ligament on the anterior surface of the joints of the heads of the ribs, which goes from the head of the rib to the lateral surface of the bodies of the corresponding vertebrae and intervertebral cartilages Capituli fibulae anterior (anterior head of the fibula). Syn.: tibio-fibulare ant. (Henle) Anterior bundles of the ligament strengthening the proximal connection of the bones of the leg (articulatio tibio-fibularis); go from the lateral condyle of tibiae to the head of fibulae Capituli fibulae inferior (Barkow) (inferior head of the fibula)-see 51в Capituli fibulae posterius (posterior head of the fibula) Posterior bundles of the ligament strengthening the upper connection of the bones of the leg (articulatio tibio-fibularis, s. proximalis); goes from the lateral condyle of tibiae to the head of fibulae. Often absent Capitulorum ossium metacarpalium trans-versa (transverse heads of the metacarpal bones). Syn.: volaria (Henle), s. trochlearia Three strong bundles, stretched between the heads of the metacarpal bones (II-V). Prevent divergence of the heads of these bones 134 135 Capitulorum ossfum metatarsalium trans-versa (transverse heads of the metatarsal bones).

Syn.: jugalia ossium sesamoideorum pedis (Arnold), s. metatarsi ant. plantare, s. capitulorum oss. metatarsi plantaria. Transversely located ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal joints, securing the heads of the metatarsal bones and preventing their divergence. Capitulorum ossium metatarsi dorsalia (dorsal heads of the metatarsal bones). Dorsal ligamentous tracts on the heads of the metatarsal bones. Capitulorum ossium metatarsi plantaria (plantar heads of the metatarsal bones)-see 134. Capitulorum volaria (Henle) (palmar heads)-see 133. Capsulare (capsular). Corresponds to capsula articularis. Capsulare articulationis carpi (capsular of the wrist joint). Corresponds to capsula articularis articulationis radio-carpeae. Capsulare articulationis coxae (capsular of the hip joint). Corresponds to capsula articularis articulationis coxae. Capsulare claviculare externum (external capsular of the clavicle)-see 18. Capsulare cubiti (capsular of the elbow joint). Corresponds to capsula articularis articulationis cubiti. Capsulare genu (capsular of the knee joint). Corresponds to capsula articularis articulationis genu. Capsulare humeri (capsular of the shoulder joint). Corresponds to capsula articularis articulationis humeri. Capsulare incudis (capsular of the incus)-see 319. Capsulare internum coxae (internal capsular of the hip joint)-see 703. Capsulare sacciforme (saccular capsular). Corresponds to capsula articularis articulationis radio-ulnaris distalis. Capsularia vertebrarum (capsular of the vertebrae). Corresponds to capsulae articulares vertebrarum. Carcassonne-see 731. Carpi arcuatum volare (arcuate volar). Two parts of lig. ulno-carpeum volare, beginning from the lateral edge of discus articularis and the base of processus styloidei ulnae and ending on os capitatum and os triquetrum. Carpi commune (common of the wrist). Syn.: annulare. General designation for the dorsal and palmar transverse ligaments of the wrist at the distal end of the antebrachial fascia. Carpi commune profundum (Arnold) (common deep of the wrist)-see 196. Carpi dorsale commune (dorsal common of the wrist). Syn.: annulare carpi post., s. armillare. Ligament of the dorsum of the forearm-transverse dense fibers of the antebrachial fascia, under which pass in special sheaths, divided by fibrous septa, the tendons of the extensors. See Forearm. Carpi dorsale commune superficialis (dorsal common of the wrist superficial). Part of lig. radio-carpeum dorsale (see also 577), beginning from the styloid process of the radius. №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function). Carpi dorsale longum (dorsal of the wrist long). Ligament from os triquetrum to os hamatum. Carpi dorsale profundum (Henle) (dorsal of the wrist deep). General designation for the deep ligaments of the dorsal surface of the wrist joint. Carpi interossea (interosseous of the wrist)-see 361. Carpi jugalia (connecting of the wrist). Part of lig. carpi radiatum (see also 161). Carpi obliqua (oblique of the wrist). Part of lig. carpi radiatum (see also 131). Carpi radiale (Arnold) (radial of the wrist)-see 196. Carpi radiatum (Mayeri) (radiate of the wrist). General designation for ligaments extending from os capitatum to all neighboring bones of the I and II row of the wrist. Carpi rectum (straight of the wrist). Bundles of ligamentous fibers from the articular disc to the proximal bones of the wrist. Carpi rhomboideum (rhomboid of the wrist). Syn.: antibrachio-lunato-hamatum dorsale (Günther), s. fibrosum dorsale articulationis radiocarpalis (Meckel), s. planities ligamentosa lata rhomboidea (Weitbrecht). Part of lig. radio-carpeum dorsale, which extends from the edge of the articular surface of the proximal row of bones to os lunatum and os triquetrum. Carpi transversum (transverse of the wrist). Syn.: carpi volare proprium (Henle), s. transversum carpi. Strong ligament stretched between eminentia carpi radialis et ulnaris, under which pass the tendons of the muscles flexing the fingers and nervus medianus. See Forearm. Carpi ulnare (ulnar of the wrist)-see 197. Carpi volare (common volar of the wrist). Syn.: commune, s. transversum, s. annulare carpi anterius. Dense transversely running fibers in the antebrachial fascia, located on the palmar surface. See Forearm. Carpi volare profundum arcuatum (deep arcuate volar of the wrist). Part of lig. radio-carpeum volare (see also 579). Carpi volare profundum transversum (Henle) (deep transverse volar of the wrist). General designation for deeply located ligaments on the palmar side of the wrist joint. Carpi volare proprium (Henle) (proper volar of the wrist)-see 164. Carpo-metacarpea dorsalia (dorsal carpo-metacarpal). Dorsal ligaments of the joint capsules of the carpo-metacarpal joints, attached to the bones of the II row of the wrist on the II-V metacarpal bones. Carpo-metacarpea volaria (palmar carpo-metacarpal). Palmar ligaments of the joint capsules of the carpo-metacarpal joints between the bones of the II row of the wrist and the II-V metacarpal bones. Carpo-metacarpeum interosseum (interosseous carpo-metacarpal). Intracapsular ligament between os capitatum (sometimes also os hamatum) and the bases of the III and IV metacarpal bones. Cartilagineum calcaneo-naviculare (Weber) (cartilaginous calcaneo-navicular)-see 120. Cartilaginum semilunarium (of the semilunar cartilages). Name of the thinned ends of the lateral and medial menisci of the knee joint. Caudale (caudal). Syn.: apicis coccygis. Fibrous bundles extending from the dorsal surface of the coccyx to the skin covering it (causes the presence of vortex coccygeus). Cavae sinistrae [of the left hollow (vein)]-see 780. Cavo-duodenale (Klaatsch) (between the duodenum and inferior vena cava). Fold of peritoneum from duodenum or caecum to v. cava inferior. Cerato-cricoidea anteriora (anterior cerato-cricoid)-see 254. Cerato-cricoidea lateralia et posteriora (lateral and posterior cerato-cricoid). Syn.: crico-thyreoidea lateralia, s. cerato-cricoidea post. inf. Artificially divided ligaments, which extend from the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage and strengthen the capsule of the joint between the named cartilages. Cervicis costae externum (Weitbrecht) (external of the neck of the rib)-see 214. Cervicis (femoris) [of the neck (of the femur)]. Syn.: retinacula. Parts of the general joint capsule of the hip joint, at the distal attachment of the capsule, (parts containing blood vessels-Braus). №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function). Cervico-basilar (cervico-basilar). Corresponds to membrana tectoria. Dense connective tissue plate, formed by ligamentous bundles, which are a continuation of lig. longitudinale post. (130), and attached above to the occipital bone in the area of Blumenbach's slope and its lateral parts. Fuses with dura mater. Covers the joint between the atlas and the dens of the axis. Ciliare (ciliary). Corresponds to m. ciliaris. See Ciliary body 181. Cinguli extremitatis superioris (girdle of the superior extremity). General designation for the ligaments of the shoulder girdle: lig. transversum scapulae sup. (see also 734), lig. transversum scapulae inf. and lig. coraco-acromiale (see also 733 and 228). Circumflexum (circumflex). Part of lig. pisometacarpeum (see also 529). Ciliinil-see 555 & 188. Chido-see 670. Coccygum laterale (lateral coccygeal)-see 595. Coccygeum post. superficiale (posterior coccygeal superficial)-see 598. Cochleae (of the cochlea). Parts of lig. spirale cochleae (see also 630). Coli (of the colon). Corresponds to taeniae coli. See Intestine. Colicum (colic). Corresponds to omentum colicum. See Intestine. Colicum dextrum (Hensing) (right colic). Corresponds to plica caecalis. See Peritoneum. Colicum (Halleri) (colic). Right end of the greater omentum. See Omentum 198. Collateral carpi radiale (radial collateral of the wrist). Syn.: radiate carpi, s. carpi commune, profundum (Arnold), s. radiate articulationis cubito-carpalis (Meckel), s. carpi radiate (Arnold). Collateral ligament of the wrist joint, attached to the styloid process of radii and to os naviculare. Prevents forced adduction of the hand and strengthens the wrist joint. Collaterale carpi ulnare (ulnar collateral). Syn.: ulnare carpi, s. laterale carpi ulnare, s. funiculus ligamentosus. Collateral ligament of the wrist joint, stretched between proc. styloideus ulnae and os triquetrum. Takes a small part in forming the articular cavity of the wrist joint. Prevents forced abduction of the hand and strengthens the wrist joint. Collaterale fibulare (fibular collateral). Syn.: accessorium laterale genu, s. laterale externum genu. One of the collateral ligaments of the knee joint; extends from epicondylus lateralis femoris to the lateral surface of capitulum fibulae. In it, pars longa et pars brevis are distinguished. Strengthens the joint and protects against excessive extension of the leg.

With the extended joint, it prevents lateral oscillations. Collaterale gnu laterale breve (lateral lateral collateral ligament short) Corresponds to pars brevis lig. collateralis fibularis (see also 198) Collaterale genu laterale longum (lateral lateral collateral ligament of the knee long) Corresponds to pars longa lig. collateralis fibularis (see also 198) Collaterale laterale pedis (lateral lateral collateral ligament of the foot)-see 114 Collaterale radiate articulationis cubiti (radial lateral collateral ligament of the elbow joint). Syn.: accessorium radiate (Henle), s. brachio-cubitale, s. laterale externum cubiti One of the ligaments strengthening the elbow joint. It begins from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, splits into two bundles, which, going around the front and back of the head of the radius, attach to the anterior and posterior edge of incisura radialis ulnae. The bundles of this ligament fuse with lig. annulare radii (see also 34) Collaterale tibiale (medial lateral collateral ligament). Syn.: mediale One of the two lateral ligaments of the knee joint. It begins from the epicondylus medialis femoris and attaches to the medial and posterior edge of the tibia. In it, a short and long part are distinguished. It strengthens the knee joint and protects against excessive extension of the shin. With the extended joint, it prevents lateral oscillations Collaterale ulnare articulationis cubiti (ulnar lateral collateral ligament of the elbow joint). Syn.: access r. uln. (Henle), s mediale, s. brachio-cubitale, s. deltoidcum cubiti, s. cubiti laterale internum, s. cubiti ulnare 1 222 Commune vertebrarum ant. (anterior common of the vertebrae)-see 428 Conicum laryngis (conical of the larynx)-see 258 224 Coaoides (conical)-see 226 Conoides laryngis (conical of the larynx)-see 258 Conoideum (conical). Syn.: conoides, s. coraco-clavicular int., s. posticum The internal or posterior part of lig. coraco-clavicular (see also 230) in the form of a triangle, the base of which is attached to the clavicle, and the apex to the coracoid process of the scapula. Strengthens articulatio acromio-clavicularis Cooperi (Cooper's)-see 558 Coraco-acromiale (coraco-acromial). Syn.: acromio-coracoideum, s. scapulae proprium transversum ant., s. majus, s. triangulare A broad strong ligament, attaching to the anterior edge of acromion and processus coracoideus scapulae. This ligament forms the so-called shoulder arch (foramen humeri), limiting the mobility of the shoulder joint (with forced abduction of the arm-movement outward-and forced forward movement, the greater tubercle of the humerus presses against this arch) Coraco-brachiale (coraco-brachial)-see 234 Coraco-clavicular (coraco-clavicular) Ligament of articulatio acromio-clavicularis, stretched between the tuberosity of the coracoid process on the clavicle and the lower surface of the process. Consists of two parts: 1) lig. trapezoideum (see also 737) and 2) lig. conoideum (see also 226) Coraco-clavicular anticum (Henle) (anterior coraco-clavicular) Bundles of fascia coraco-clavicularis. See Scapula Coraco-clavicular ext. (external coraco-clavicular)-see 737 81ff №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Coraco-clavicular internum (internal coraco-clavicular)-see 228 ^: Coraco-humerale (coraco-humeral). Syn.: coraco-brachiale, s. accessorium humeri, s. superius humeri, s. suspensorium humeri Ligament of the shoulder joint, which begins from the base and lateral edge of processus coracoideus and attaches to the greater, as well as to the lesser tubercle of the humerus £35 Coracoideum scapulae (coracoid of the scapula)-see 734 Cordiforme (cordiform) Corresponds to centrum tendineum diaphragmatis. See Diaphragma Corniculo-pharyngea (corniculate-pharyngeal) The upper part of lig. jugale of the larynx (see 400); a paired connection by thin elastic connective tissue fibers of cartilago corniculata (Santorini) dext. et sin. of the larynx with the anterior wall of the pharynx Coronarium hepatis (dext. et sin.) [coronary of the liver (right and left)] A short peritoneal ligament of the liver, going from the posterior surface of the latter to the diaphragm; to the edges of the liver, the right and left parts of the ligament, spreading out, receive a special name lig. triangulare dext. et sin. (see also 742) Coronarium radii (coronary of the radius)-see 34 : Corporis incudis (Meyer) (of the body of the incus) The lateral fold of the incus Coruscantia (shining)-see 367 Costo-clavicular (costo-clavicular). A strong ligament of the sternoclavicular joint; attaches to the rib tuberosity of the clavicle and to the upper edge of the cartilage of the I rib. Prevents elevation of the clavicle Syn.: inferius, s. rhomboides claviculae, s. sterno-clavicular ant., s. synchondrosis costo-clavicularis (Luschka) ; Costo-transversarium ant. (anterior costo-transverse). Syn.: anticum, s. inferius, s. longum ant. (Krause), s. colli costae ant., s. int. transversarium longum, s. transverso-costale sup. (Cruveilhier) A broad ligament, beginning from the upper edge of the neck of the rib and attaching to the lower edge of the transverse process of the vertebra above. On the XII rib, this ligament is absent Costo-transversarium post. (posterior costo-transverse). Syn.: longum post., s. cervicis costae extern. (Weitbrecht), s. colli costae post., s. externum, s. inferius A weak ligament of the tubercle of the rib joint, attached to the posterior surface of the neck of the rib and to the root of the transverse process of the vertebra above, partly to the articular process. On the I and XII ribs, this ligament is absent Costo-vertebrale accessorium (accessory costo-vertebral) Part of lig. capituli costae radiatum (see also 129) Costo-vertebrale ant. (anterior costo-vertebral)-see 129 Costo-xiphoidea (costo-xiphoid) Flat ligaments, stretched from the cartilages of VI and VII ribs inward to the lower end of the body of the sternum and to its xiphoid process Cotyloideo-fibrocartilagineum acetabuli (Meckel) (fibrocartilaginous of the acetabulum). Syn.: cotyloideum Corresponds to labrum glenoidale articulationis coxae. See Hip joint £49 Coxae proprium (proper of the hip) Corresponds to membrana obturatoria. A connective tissue membrane closing the foramen obturatum of the pelvic bone. See.

Cranial dura mater (cranial dura mater of the brain) A strengthening apparatus in the form of connective tissue cords between the dura mater and the periosteum in the region of the atlanto-occipital joint and the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae. Crico-arytaenoideum post, (posterior crico-arytenoid). Syn.: triquetrum (Tourtual) A strong elastic ligament extending from the upper edge of lamina cartilaginis cricoideae to the medial part of cartilago arytaenoidea and fixing the latter. Crico-pharyngeum (cricopharyngeal). Syn.: crico-santorinianum, s. Santorini The lower part of lig. jugale of the larynx. An unpaired connective tissue between the cricoid cartilage of the larynx and the anterior wall of the pharynx. Crico-thyreo-arytaenoideum (cricothyro-arytenoid). Corresponds to conus elasticus. See. Larynx. Crico-thyreoidea ant. (anterior cricothyroid). Syn. cerato-cricoidea ant. Strengthening ligaments of the anterior wall of the joint capsule articulatio crico-thyreoidea. Crico-thyreoidea lateralia (lateral cricothyroid). Syn.: cerato-cricoidea post. A strengthening ligament of articulatio crico-thyreoidea, extending obliquely from the lower horns of the thyroid cartilage inward and downward. Latin and Russian names. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Crico-thyreoidea posteriora (posterior cricothyroid) Strengthening ligaments of the capsule articulatio crico-thyreoidea, having an ascending direction and extending obliquely inward (from the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage). Crico-thyreoideum capsulare (capsular cricothyroid). Corresponds to capsula articularis crico-thyreoidea. Crico-thyreoideum medium (middle cricothyroid). Syn.: conicum, s. conoides laryngis A strong ligament between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, located along the median line. Crico-tracheale (ant. et post.) [cricotracheal (anterior and posterior)] A ring ligament between the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage and the upper edge of the first cartilage of the trachea. Cristae pubis (crest of the pubic bone)-see 558. Cruciatum digitorum manus (cruciate ligaments of the hand) Cruciformly arranged fibrous bundles (fibrae cruciatae) of the aponeurosis of the palmar surface of the fingers in the region of the interphalangeal joints. Cruciatum digitorum pedis (cruciate ligaments of the foot) Cruciformly arranged fibrous bundles (fibrae cruciatae) of the aponeurosis of the plantar surface of the fingers in the region of the interphalangeal joints. Cruciatum atlantis (cruciate ligament of the atlas). Syn.: epistrophei A strong ligament of the joint between the atlas and axis, consisting of two parts: 1) transverse-lig. transversum atlantis (see 725) and 2) longitudinal, which in turn is divided into crus superior, attached to the anterior edge of foramen occipitale magnum, and crus inferius-to the body of the axis. Cruciatum cruris (cruciate ligament of the leg). Syn.: pedis, s. tarsi, s. annulare ant. tarsi, s. annulare externum malleoli, s. lambdoideum, s. tarsi ant., s. ypsiloideum Strengthening cords of fascia cruris on the anterior surface. It stretches over and in front of the ankle joint from the anterior crest of tibia transversely to the anterior crest and to the lateral surface of fibula. See. Leg and Foot. Cruciatum genu ant. (anterior cruciate ligament of the knee). Syn.: cruciforme, s. interosseum genu (Cruveilhier), s. obliquum genu An intra-articular ligament of the knee joint. It begins on the medial surface of condyli lateralis femoris and is attached, going downward, forward, and medially, to fossa intercondyloidea anterior tibiae. It firmly connects the tibia with the femur, limits the inward rotation of the tibia, and serves as a brake for extreme flexion of the joint. Cruciatum genu post, (posterior cruciate ligament of the knee). Syn.: medium, s. obliquum An intra-articular ligament of the knee joint. It begins on the lateral surface of condyli medialis femoris, goes backward, attaching behind eminentia intercondyloidea tibiae to fossa intercondyloidea tibiae posterior. It firmly fastens the thigh and leg. It limits the inward rotation of the tibia and serves as a brake for extreme flexion of the joint. Cruciatum genu posticum (Roberti) (posterior cruciate ligament). Syn.: tertium, s. accessorium cartilaginis semilunaris externae ad Mg. cruciatum posticum (Barkow), s. obliquum genu, s. menisci lateral. (Roberti) Part of the fibers of lig. cruciatum genu post. (see 266), attached to the posterior part of the lateral meniscus. Crurale (femoral)-see 352. Cubiti posterius (Meckel) (posterior elbow) The posterior part of the joint capsule of articulationis cubiti. Cubito-radiale teres (round elbow-radial) Corresponds to chorda obliqua (see also 476). Cuboideo-naviculare dorsale (dorsal cubo-navicular). Syn.: cubo-naviculare dorsale, s. scapho-cuboideum dorsale (Meckel), s. tarso-naviculare dorsale An obliquely extending (from inside to outside) ligament of the tarsus, stretched between os naviculare and os cuboideum. Cuboideo-naviculare interosseum (interosseous cubo-navicular) A ligament of the foot between the cuboid and navicular bones. Cuboideo-naviculare plantare (plantar cubo-navicular). Syn.: obliquum, s. cubo-naviculare, s. massa ligamentosa naviculari-cuboidea (Weber) A transversely extending strong ligament of the plantar side of the foot, reinforced on the cuboid and navicular bones. Cuboideo-sphenoidea [inf., ant., medium, post, and profund. (Barkow)] [cubo-sphenoid (inferior, anterior, middle, and deep)] Parts of lig. cuneo-cuboideum plantare (see also 277). Cuneo-cuboideum dorsale (dorsal cuneo-cuboid). Syn.: cubo-cuneiforme dorsale, s. lig. spheno-cuboideum dorsum transversum A ligament of the dorsal surface of the foot in the region of the tarsus, stretched between os cuneiforme tertium and os cuboideum. 19 Latin and Russian names. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Cuneo-cuboideum interosseum (interosseous cuneo-cuboid) A ligament of the tarsus, located between os cuneiforme tertium and os cuboideum, attaching to the surfaces of these bones facing each other. Cuneo-cuboideum plantare (plantar cuneo-cuboid) One of the plantar ligaments of the tarsus, extending transversely from os cuneiforme tertium to os cuboideum. Cuneo-metatarsale interosseum (interosseous cuneo-metatarsal) Lateral strengthening ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal joints (Lisfranc) 279. Cuneo-naviculare plantare (plantar cuneo-navicular)-see 470. Cutanea digitorum manus (cutaneous ligaments of the hand) Fibrous cords on the lateral edges of the phalanges. Cysto-duodeno-colicum (cystoduodenocolic) Part (inconstant) of lig. hepato-duodenale (see also 329), closing the opening into the omental bursa foramen omentale (Winslowi). Deltoideum cubiti (deltoid ligament of the elbow)-see 204. Deltoideum pedis (deltoid ligament of the foot). Syn.: articulationis talocruralis, s. deltoideus (Weitbrecht). s. laterale internum artic. pedis, s. trapezium A fan-shaped strong ligament located on the medial surface of the ankle joint and composed of four ligaments: lig. tibio-naviculare (see 717), lig. talo-fibiale ant. (see 686), lig. talofibiale (see 122), lig. talo-tibiale post. (see 688). It originates from the lower edge of malleolus medialis and is attached by separate bundles to os naviculare, talus, and calcaneus. It plays an important role in the stability of the ankle joint. Denticulatum (denticulate). Syn.: lacinium medullae spinalis, s. serratum medullae spinalis Processes of the dura mater of the spinal cord, connecting the latter with pia mater. The teeth of this ligament, having the appearance of triangles with the base fixed between the anterior and posterior roots on the soft membrane and the apex on the dura mater, are located in the frontal plane, suspending the spinal cord. Dentis epistrophei medium, anticum et posticum [tooth of the axis (middle, anterior, and posterior)] Anterior and posterior parts of lig. apicis dentis epistrophei (see also 47). Dentis posticum (posterior tooth)-see 47. Dorsale talo-naviculare internum (dorsal talo-navicular internal).

Syn.: latum (Weber), s, supremum-see 663 Dorsalia carpi (dorsal wrist)-see 330 Dorso-lateralia durae matris (dorsolateral of the dura mater) Connective tissue bundles stretched from the lateral sides of the dura mater sac to the arches of the vertebrae Ductus venosi (venous duct)-see 781 Ductuum semicircularium membranaceorum (membranous semicircular ducts) Connective tissue strands that strengthen the membranous labyrinth semicircular ducts Duodeno-hepaticum (duodenohepatic)-see 319 Duodeno-mesocolica [duodeno-mesocolic (of the colon)] General designation for plicae duodeno-jejunalis et duodeno-mesocolica Duodeno-renale (duodenorenal) A fold of peritoneum that extends from the right end of mesocolon transversum (behind and under lig. hepato-duodenale) to the parietal peritoneum of the right kidney area Elastica (elastic) General designation for ligaments consisting of elastic tissue Elasticum interuretericum (Barkow) (elastic, literally inter-ureteric) Designation for mm. ureterum (they call the longitudinally running muscle fibers of the lower end of the ureter); 297 Epididymidis inf. (lower epididymis) A fold of the visceral peritoneum covering the testis (tunica vaginalis propria testis). This is a similar fold from the testis to the lower part of the epididymis; 298 Epididymidis superius (upper epididymis) A transitional fold of the visceral peritoneum covering the testis, which connects the upper part of the epididymis to the testis Epiglottico-palatinum (epiglottopalatine) Elastic strands in the composition of m. stylo-pharyngeus S2L J\S№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Epistropheo-atlanticum anticum superficial (anterior superficial between epistropheus and atlas) Designation for a ligament that is a continuation of lig. longitudinale ant. (see also 428) Falciforme hepatis (falciform ligament of the liver). Syn.: suspensorium hepatis A fold of peritoneum stretched from the upper surface of the liver to the diaphragm. Part of it from the left incisure of the liver to the navel gets a special name (see 704; Fallopii (Fallopian)-see 352 Fibrosum anticum (anterior fibrous)-see 553 Flabelliformia (Meyer) Strands of fascia lata on the lateral edges of the patella Flava (yellow). Syn.: arcuum, s. intercruralia, s. interlaminaria, s. subflava Ligaments of the spine, consisting of elastic fibers and filling the spaces between the arches of all lumbar, thoracic, and cervical vertebrae except the space between the I and II cervical vertebrae. They attach to the inner surface of the arch of the superior vertebra and to the outer surface of the arch of the inferior vertebra. These ligaments strongly pull together the arches of the vertebrae Fundiforme clitoridis (fundiform ligament of the clitoris) Bundles of elastic fibers on the surface of clitoris (similar to lig. fundiforme penis-see 309) Fundiforme cruris (Braus) (fundiform ligament of the leg)-see 308 " 308 Fundiforme pedis (fundiform ligament of the foot). Syn.: cruris A ligament loop starting from sinus tarsi that surrounds the tendons of m. extensor digitorum longus and m. peronaeus tertius. This ligament is the lateral part of lig. cruciatum cruris (see also 261) Fundiforme penis (fundiform ligament of the penis) Strands of elastic tissue that surround the penis with two bundles and are a continuation of the so-called fascia subcutanea of the anterior abdominal wall area Gastro-colicum (gastrocolic) A fold of peritoneum stretched from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon; it is the initial part of omentum majus Gastro-hepaticum (gastrohepatic). Syn.: splenico-gastricum, s. omentum gastro-splenicum One of the peritoneal ligaments of the spleen; a transitional plate consisting of two layers of peritoneum extending from the stomach fundus to the gates of the spleen Gastro-phrenicum (gastrodiaphragmatic)-see 524 313 314 Genu transversum (transverse knee)-see 729 Gimbernati (Gimbernati's)-see 406 Gimbernati reflexum (reflex Gimbernati's)-see 354 Glandulae lacrimalis (of the lacrimal gland)-see 640 Glandulae thyreoideae medium et lateralia (of the thyroid gland, middle and lateral) Bundles of connective tissue from the capsule of the thyroid gland, fixing the gland in relation to the larynx and trachea. Of these, the middle one connects the isthmus of the thyroid gland to the anterior surface of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, the lateral ones start from the capsule of the lower parts of the lateral lobes of gl. thyreoideae, go upward, attaching to the lower edge of the lateral surface of the cricoid cartilage and to the three upper cartilages of the trachea Gleno-humeralia (Morris) (glenohumeral). Syn.: gleno humerale superius, medium, inf. (Reynier) Ligaments of the shoulder joint. Of these: lig. gleno-humerale superior goes from cavitas glenoidalis to tubercula majus et minus of the humerus; lig. gleno-humerale medium to tuberculum minor under m. subscapularis Glenoideo-brachiale (inf. et int.) [glenohumeral (lower and internal)] Lower and medial bundles that strengthen the joint capsule of articulatio humeri Glenoideum (glenoid) Corresponds to labrum glenoidale. See Hip joint Glosso-epiglottica (gloss-epiglottic) Corresponds to plicae epiglotticae. See Epiglottis 322 323 324 Glottidis vera (true vocal cords)-see 794 Glottidis spuria (false vocal cords)-see 782 Helmholtzi (Helmholtz's) Part of lig. mallei anterius (see also 439) Henle (Braun) (Henle's). Syn.: falx inguinalis / The medial bundle of tendon fibers that strengthens: the transverse fascia of the abdomen in the area of interstitium inguinale. It consists of fibers of the tendons of the internal oblique and transverse muscles of the abdomen; №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) 325 Hepato-cavo-duodenale (Klaatsch) (between liver, duodenum and vena cava) A peritoneal fold in the right half of the abdominal cavity at the right lobe of the liver, stretched from the peritoneum covering v. cava inf. to neighboring organs (liver and duodenum) Hepato-colicum (hepatocolic) An inconstant continuation of lig. hepato-duodenale (see also 329) to connect with colon transversum Hepato-cysto-colicum (hepatocystocolic) A fold of peritoneum, separating from the lesser omentum, connected with lig. hepato-renale (see also 332) and together with the latter delimiting foramen epiploicum Hepato-duodenale (hepatoduodenal). Syn.: duodeno-hepaticum A fold of peritoneum stretched from the gates of the liver to the duodenum. Together with lig. hepato-gastricum (see also 330) it forms the lesser omentum; with its free edge it borders in front of foramen epiploicum. In the thickness of lig. hepato-duodenale are located: 1) a. hepatica propria; 2) ductus choledochus and 3) v. portae Hepato-gastricum (hepatogastric). Syn.: gastro-hepaticum A wide fold of peritoneum going from the gates of the liver and fossa ductus venosi to the lesser curvature of the stomach and continuing into the serous covering of the latter. Forms the lesser omentum i Hepato-phrenicum (hepatoduodenal) Connection of the peritoneal covering of the right lobe of the liver with the diaphragm. Together with lig. hepato-renale it forms part of lig. coronarium hepatis, the so-called lig. coron. hepatis dextrum Hepato-renale (hepatorenal) Connection of the peritoneal covering of the right lobe of the liver with the peritoneum covering the right kidney. It is connected with lig. hepato-phrenicum (see 331) ; Hepato-umbilicale (hepatoumbilical)-see 704 N esseibachi-see 374 Humero-coronoideum (Rauber) (humerocoracoid) The anterior part of lig. collaterale ulnare articul. cubiti (see 204). Extends from epicondylus medialis humeri to proc. coronoideus ulnae. This ligament connects with the beginning of m. flexor digitorum sublimis Hyo-epiglotticum (hyoepiglottic). Syn.: membrana hyo-epiglottica (Luschka) A wide strong ligament between the anterior surface of the epiglottis and the upper edge of the hyoid bone. It tenses when the epiglottis is sharply tilted backward and downward Hyo-thyreoideum laterale (lateral hyothyroid). Syn.: thyreoideum laterale Fibrous strands stretched like a cord from the apices of cornua majora of the hyoid bone to the upper horns of the thyroid cartilage (the ligament is paired: right and left) Hyo-thyreoideum medium (middle hyothyroid). Syn.: thyreoideum medium The middle of the three ligaments between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. Extends from incisura thyreoidea sup. to the upper edge of the hyoid bone, passing on the posterior surface of the latter Ilio-costale (iliocostal)-see 432 Ilio-femorale (iliofemoral). Syn.: Bertini, s. superius coxae, s. superius (Weber), suspensorium femoris, s. suspensorium pelvis (Fick) One of the external ligaments of the hip joint. It is the strongest ligament in the human body. It starts from the iliac bone in the area of spina os. ilii ant. inf. and attaches to linea intertrochanterica femoris. In it two parts are distinguished: external-attaching to the greater trochanter (lig. ilio-femorale sup., s. ilio-trochantericum), and medial-attaching to linea intertrochanterica (lig. femorale ant.).

Prevents the tilting of the body backward when standing; prevents the deviation of the free leg to the side when walking; restrains strong extension of the hip (its anterior part), adduction of the hip (its superior part), movement of the pelvis (when walking) toward the free leg, and also limits the supination of the hip (its anterior part). Ilio-lumbale inf. et sup. [iliolumbar (lower and upper)]. Syn.: ilio-costale, s. pelvis ant. (inf. et sup.), s. ilio-lumbale. Ligaments of the sacroiliac joint; they originate from the transverse processes of the IV and V lumbar vertebrae and attach to the posterior part of the crista iliaca, on the sacrum and the inner surface of the ossis ilii. Ilio-pectineum (iliopubic). A fascial plate separating the space under the Poupart's ligament into lacuna musculorum and lacuna vasorum. Formed at the transition of fascia iliaca, with the iliolumbar muscle (under Poupart's ligament) into fascia pectinea, covering the pectineus muscle. Ilio-pubicum (iliopubic)-see 352. Ilio-sacra postica (posterior iliolumbar)-see 600 and 603. Ilio-sacralis post. breve (short posterior iliolumbar)-see 602. Ilio-sacralia interossea (interosseous iliolumbar)-see 600. 825 №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function). Ilio-sacrum longum (long iliolumbar)-see 603. Ilio-tibiale (iliotibial). Corresponds to tractus iliotibialis fasciae latae (Maissiati). See Thigh. Incudis rotatorius (posterior incus). Syn.: car-sulare incudis, s. inferius et superius, s. apicis incudis, s. processus brevis incudis. Ligaments of the incus, of which the posterior serves to connect crus breve incudis with fossa incudis on the pars mastoidea, the superior attaches corpus incudis to the roof of the tympanic cavity. Infundibulo-ovaricum. Connective tissue strands in the thickness of lig. latum uteri, going to the fimbriae of the uterine tube. Infundibulo-pelvic (infundibulopelvic)-see 670. Inguinale (inguinal). Syn.: Pouparti, s. ilio-pubicum, s. externum, s. Pallopii, s. pubis (Cowperi), s. arcus cruralis, s. crurale. The free (reflected) edge of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen along the course from spina os. ilii ant. sup. to tuberculum pubicum. Fuses with fascia iliaca et fascia lata. Inguinale internum (Hesselbach) (internal inguinal)-see 706. Inguinale reflexum (Collesi) (reflected inguinal). Syn.: triangulare (Krause), s. Gimbernati, s. reflexum (Henle), s. triangulare femoris, s. fascia triangularis (Quain), s. medium annuli inguinalis externi. Part of the fibers of Poupart's ligament, serving to strengthen the superficial (external) opening of the inguinal canal. It extends along the upper edge of the pubic bone to the anterior surface of the rectus sheath (to linea alba), where it ends. Inhibentia (restraining). General designation for ligaments that restrain movement. Interannularia (interannular)-see 38. Interarticulare articulationis humeri (Lu-schka) (intra-articular of the shoulder joint). Corresponds to caput longum m. bicipitis brachii. See Shoulder joint. Interarticulare coxae (intra-articular of the hip joint) (literally, interarticular)-see 703. Interbronchiale (interbronchial). Elastic tissue at the site of division of the trachea. Intercarpea dorsalia (dorsal intercarpal). Syn.: transversalia carpi dorsalia et volaria, s. bifurcata sublime et profundum, s. dorsalia carpi. General designation for ligaments connecting the dorsal surfaces of the carpal bones. Intercarpea interossea (interosseous intercarpal). Syn.: carpi interossea, s. intercarpea intraarticularia. Short strong ligaments located inside the joints between the bones of the distal row of the carpus (os multangulum minus, os capitatum and os hamatum). Intercarpea intraarticularia (intra-articular intercarpal)-see 331. Intercarpea volaria (palmar intercarpal). Syn.: volaria carpi. General designation for strengthening ligaments of articulatio intercarpea located between the carpal bones from the palmar surface (see also 161). Interclaviculare (interclavicular). Unpaired ligament extending transversely from the sternal end of one clavicle along the incisura jugularis sterni (attaching to it) to the sternal end of the clavicle of the other side. Prevents excessive simultaneous lowering of the clavicles; holds them in equilibrium (at rest). When one clavicle is lowered, it promotes the elevation of the clavicle of the other side. Strengthens artic. sterno-clavicularis. Interclinoideum (between the clinoid processes). Ligaments stretched between processus clinoidei ant. and proc. clinoidei post. of the main bone. Intercostalia anteriora interna (anterior internal intercostal). Anterior tendinous bundles of m. transversus thoracis. Intercostalia externa (external intercostal). Syn.: coruscantia, s. intercartilaginea, s. nitentia, s. propria cartilaginum costalium. Shining fibrous bundles located in the intercostal spaces (near the sternum), attaching to the costal cartilages of adjacent ribs; they have the same direction of fiber course as the muscular bundles of m. intercostales ext., replacing them (absent in the two lower intercostal spaces, and sometimes in the first). Intercostalia interna (internal intercostal). Auxiliary weak ligaments of the ribs (see also 37) in the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces. The direction of the bundles of the ligament is the same as that of mm. intercostales int. Intercostalia posteriora (posterior intercostal). Continuation of lig. costo-transversarium post. between mm. intercostales ext. et int. Intercruralia-see 305. 825 №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function). Intercuneiformia dorsalia (dorsal intercuneiform). Ligaments of the dorsum of the foot, connecting the cuneiform bones (I, II, and III). Intercuneiformia interossea (interosseous intercuneiform). Syn.: sphenoidoa transversa externum et internum (Barkow). Short intra-articular ligaments between the cuneiform bones of the tarsus. Intercuneiformia plantaria (plantar intercuneiform). Ligaments connecting the cuneiform bones on the plantar surface of the foot. Interfoveolare (Hesselbach) (interfoveolar). Syn.: posterior, p. m. interfoveolaris, s. pubio-peritonealis (Macalister), s. pubo-rectalis (Braun), s. pubo-transversalis, s. m. tensor laminae post. vaginae m. recti et fasciae transversalis (Gruber), s. plica semilunaris fasciae transversalis. Tendon bundles of the external and internal oblique muscles of the abdomen, strengthening the plate of the transverse fascia of the abdomen in the area of the inguinal canal (intersititium inguinale). Part of these bundles bounds the upper and lower parts of the internal (abdominal) ring of the inguinal canal, located between fovea inguinalis medialis et lateralis (see also 325). _: Interhyoidea (interhyoid). Bundles of connective tissue connecting the lesser horns of the hyoid bone with its body. Interlobulare pulmonum (interlobular of the lungs). Connective tissue between the lobules of the lungs. Intermaxillare (intermaxillary). Corresponds to raphe pterygo-mandibularis (see also 553). Intermedium cruris (intermediate of the leg). The lower part of membranae interosseae cruris. Intermusculare brachii (mediale, laterale externum) [intermuscular of the arm (medial, lateral external)]. Corresponds to septum intermusculare (med., lat.) humeri. See Arm. Intermusculare femoris (lat., mediale et fibulare) [intermuscular of the thigh (lateral, medial and fibular)]. Corresponds to septum intermusculare (lat., med. et fibulare). See Thigh. Internum mallei (internal of the malleus). The anterior part of lig. mallei lateralis (see also 440). Interossea ossium metatarsalium (interosseous of the metatarsal bones). Syn.: intermetatarsea (interossea) (Henle), s. metatarsalia lateralia (Weitbrecht), s. metatarsi media (Meckel), s. metatarsi propria lateralia (Weber). Ligaments strengthening the articular capsule of the tarsometatarsal joints and filling the spaces between the metatarsal bones at their bases. Located transversely. Interosseum antibrachii (interosseous of the forearm). Corresponds to membrana interossea antibrachii. See Forearm. Interosseum cruris (interosseous of the leg). Corresponds to membrana interossea cruris. See Leg. Interosseum pubis (interosseous of the pubis). Corresponds to lamina fibrocartilaginea interpubica. See Pelvis. Interspinale cervicalis durae matris (interspinous of the cervical dura mater). Dense connective tissue strands from the dura mater to the vertebrae (they go between the sheaths of the nerves). Interspinalia (interspinous). Syn.: membrana interspinalis (Weitbrecht). Flat ligaments of the spine, stretched between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae. They are strongest in the lumbar region, weakest in the cervical region. 388. Intertarsea (inter-tarsal). General designation for ligaments between individual tarsal bones. Intertarseum (Hyrtl) (inter-tarsal). A strong ligamentous mass with short fibers, located in sinus tarsi (see also 678 and 877). Intertransversaria (intertransverse). Syn.: intertransversalia, s. tuberositatum vertebralium. Ligaments of the spine, stretched between the transverse processes of two adjacent vertebrae.

Well developed in the lumbar region, poorly developed in the cervical and thoracic regions of the spine. Intervertebrale cervicalis (cervical intervertebral) Connective tissue strands connecting the dural sheaths of the spinal nerves to each other (in the cervical part of the dura mater sac). Intervertebralia (intervertebral) Corresponding to fibrocartilagines intervertebrales (intervertebral cartilages). See Spine. Intestini caeci (Huschke) (of the cecum) Corresponding to plica caecalis. Iridis pectinatum (pectinate of the iris). Syn.: Stenonis-see 508 83<* №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) f Ischio-capsulare (ischio-capsular). Syn.: ischio-femorale Strong ligament of the hip joint. It begins near the tubercosity of the ischium at the medial edge of the greater sciatic notch and, partially weaving into the orbicularis zone along its way, attaches to the trochanteric fossa of the femur. It prevents inward rotation of the thigh, inhibits extension in the hip joint, and limits pronation of the thigh. Ischio-femorale (ischio-femoral)-see 395 Ischio-prostaticum (ischio-prostatic) Part of fascia diaphragmatis uro-genitalis infer. See Prostate gland, Perineum Ischio-sacralia (ischio-sacral) General designation for lig. sacro-spinosum and lig. sacro-tuberosum Jugale (connecting)-see 729 Jugale (Lut-chka) (connecting) General designation for lig. corniculo-pharyngeum (see) and lig. crico-pharyngeum of the larynx (see also 257 and 252) Jugalia ossium sesamoideorum pedis (Arnold) (connecting the sesamoid bones of the foot)-see 134 Laciniatum (split). Syn.: annulare internum malleoli Broad connective tissue strands reinforcing the continuation of the crural fascia on the foot in the area of the medial surface of the ankle joint. They begin from the medial malleolus and extend to the medial surface of the calcaneus (partly to the navicular bone). Under this ligament pass the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus muscles in their synovial sheaths located here. Laciniatum externum (external split). Syn.: laterale Corresponding to retinaculum musculorum peronaeorum superius. Thickening of the crural fascia, fixing the distal ends of the fibular muscles. Laciniatum medullae spinalis (split of the spinal cord)-see 281 Laciniatum metatarsi (Arnnoldi) (split of the metatarsal) Part of lig. plantare longum (see also 530) 40S Lacunare(Gimbernat)(ligamentum).Syn.: inguinale (Cowperi) Part of tendon fibers separating from the Poupart ligament and going backward and outward to the pectin pubis, where they attach. This ligament limits the exit and the opening of the femoral canal (canalis femoralis) 40V Lambdoideum (lambda-shaped)-see 261 Laterale carpi radiale (lateral radial of the wrist)-see 196 Laterale carpi ulnare (lateral ulnar of the wrist)-see 197 410 411 Laterale externum articulationis mandibularis (lateral external of the mandibular joint)-see 699 Laterale externum articuli pedis (Barkow) (lateral external of the foot joint)-see 114 Laterale externum cubiti (lateral external of the elbow)-see 202 Laterale externum fibulae rectum [lateral external of the fibula (straight)]-see 11 Laterale externum genu (lateral external of the knee)-see 198 Laterale internum articulationis mandibularis (lateral internal of the mandibular joint)-see 624 Laterale int. articulationis pedis (lateral internal of the foot joint)-see 283 Laterale int. cubiti (lateral internal of the elbow joint)-see 201 Lateralia (lateral) Corresponding to lig. collateralia (see also 205) Lateralia dentis epistrophei (lateral of the epistropheus tooth)-see 21 Lateralia digitorum manus (lateral of the hand fingers)-see 209 Lateralia subterisa (lateral loosely stretched) Strands on the lateral edges of the third phalanges of the hand fingers Latum colli uteri (broad of the cervix uteri)-see 727 Latum epistrophei (broad of the epistropheus) Corresponding to membrana tectoria (see also 182) Latum pulmonis (broad of the lung)-see 571 №Ke Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Latum uteri (broad of the uterus). Syn.: uteri latum Broad duplication of the peritoneum, extending from the lateral edges of the uterus (in the frontal plane) to the lateral walls of the pelvis. The ligament is considered as mesometrium of the uterus, mesovarium of the ovary, and mesosalpinx of the fallopian tube Lieno-renale (spleno-renal)-see 586 Longitudinale abdominis (longitudinal of the abdomen) Corresponding to linea alba. See Linea alba Longitudinale anterius (anterior longitudinal). Syn.: commune vertebrarum anterius, s. fascia longitudinalis ant., s. lacertus medius (Wrisbergii) Longitudinal ligament of the spine, which extends from the main part of the occipital bone along the anterior surface of the bodies of all vertebrae to S1, where it passes into lig. sacro-coccygeum ant.; its part between the atlas and epistropheus=lig. atlanto-epistropheum ant. It forms a passive tension of the spine Longitudinale (Barkow) (longitudinal)-see 665 43» Longitudinale post. (posterior longitudinal). Syn.: medium, s. fascia longitudinalis post., s. commune vertebrarum posterius Longitudinal ligament of the spine, extending from the occipital bone downward along the posterior surface of the bodies of all vertebrae to the last sacral (to the end of the sacral canal). Its continuation is called lig. sacro-coccygeum post. profundum (see also 597). It forms a passive tension of the spine Longum digitorum manus (Marshall) (longitudinal of the hand fingers) Corresponding to vinculum tendinum. See Hand Lumbo-costale (lumbo-costal). Syn.: ilio-costale, s. arcus tendineus fasciae lumbo-dorsalis, s. retinaculum costae ultimae Tendon plate, the fibers of which go from the I and II lumbar vertebrae to the XII rib Lumbo-sacrale durae matris (lumbo-sacral of the dura mater) Connective tissue strands between the dura mater and the bodies of the vertebrae Lunato-pyramidale (lunate-pyramidal). Syn.: lunato-triquetrum Designation for lig. intercarpeum interosseum between ossa lunatum and triquetrum Lunato-scaphoideum (lunate-scaphoid) Designation for lig. intercarpeum interosseum 438 437 Luschka-see 6 И Maissiati Corresponding to tractus ilio-tibialis-the outer part, strengthened by tendon fibers, of the wide fascia of the thigh Mallei ant. et post. (Helmholz) (anterior and posterior of the malleus) Anterior and posterior parts of lig. mallei laterale Mallei anterius (anterior of the malleus). Syn.: radiatum, s. tympani (Moskvin), s. m. mallei anterior, s. externum, s. m. laxator, s. relaxator tympani major, s. levator tympani minor One of the ligaments of the malleus, extending from the anterior process of the malleus in the area of its (process) root to the collum malleus, passing through the petro-tympanic fissure of the temporal bone, to which it attaches to the spina angularis of the main bone Mallei laterale (lateral of the malleus). Syn.: posterius, s. externum, s. post, mallei int., s. transversum mallei, s. m. mallei externus minor, s. Gasseri, s. Folii, s. m. laxator tympani minor, s. auris externus Folii, s. manubrii mallei Triangular lateral ligament. It begins from the upper wall of the external auditory canal and attaches to the collum malleus Mallei superius (superior of the malleus). Syn.: suspensorium mallei Thin fibrous bundle connecting the head of the malleus with the roof of the tympanic cavity Malleoli externi inferius (Weitbrecht) (inferior of the external malleolus) Part of lig. malleoli lateralis anterius (see also 445) Malleoli externi intermedium (Barkow) (intermedium of the external malleolus) Corresponding to syndesmosis tibio-fibularis. See Leg Malleoli externi superius (superior of the external malleolus) The lowest part of the interosseous membrane of the leg Malleoli lateralis anterius (anterior of the lateral malleolus). Syn.: fibulae, s. tibio-fibulare ant. (Meyer) Additional ligaments connecting the distal epiphyses of the tibia and fibula on the anterior surface (see also 446). Strengthens syndesmosis tibio-fibularis Malleoli lateralis interosseum (interosseous of the lateral malleolus) Strong short fibrous strands stretched from the rough inner surface of the lateral malleolus to the corresponding notch of the tibia. This ligament forms syndesmosis tibio-fibularis Malleoli lateralis posterius (posterior of the lateral malleolus) Additional ligaments connecting the distal epiphyses of tibia and fibula on the posterior surface. Strengthens syndesm. tibio-fibul. №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) i 448 Malleoli lateralis superius (Krause) (superior of the lateral malleolus). Syn.: tibio-fibulare sup.

(Meckel) Additional ligament syndesmosis tibio-fibularis Mamibrii mallei (handle of the malleus)-see 440 Maxillare laterale (lateral jaw)-see 699 Maxillare mediale (medial jaw)-see 624 Meckeii Part of lig. mallei anterius (see also 439) Medianum glandis (Waldeyer) (median ligament of the glans) Corresponds to septum glandis penis 454 1 Medium ant. et posticum dentie epistrophei (Barkow) [median (anterior and posterior) of the axis]-see 47 Medium colli costae (medium neck of the rib)-see 213 Menisci lateralis (Roberti) (lateral meniscus)-see 267 Menisco-mandibulare laterale (Sebileau) Capsular ligament of the temporomandibular joint, extended (lateral menisco-mandibular) from the lower edge of the discus articularis to the lower attachment of the capsule on the lateral side Menisco-mandibulare mediale (Sebileau) (medial menisco-mandibular) Capsular ligament of the temporomandibular joint, extending from the lower edge of the discus articularis to the lower attachment of the joint capsule on the medial side Menisco-temporale ant. (anterior menisco-temporal) Bundles of fibers that insert into the capsule of the temporomandibular joint and pass through the anterior part of the capsule from the zygomatic arch to the upper edge of the discus articularis Menisco-temporale post. (posterior menisco-temporal) Bundles of fibers extending from the zygomatic arch in the posterior part of the temporomandibular joint capsule to the upper edge of the discus articularis Mesenterico-mesocolicum [(Gruber) (Lu- Складка брюшины y нижнего конца colon sigmoideum, меж-schka)] (mesenterico-mesocolic) Fold of peritoneum at the lower end of the sigmoid colon, between the mesentery of the latter and the mesentery of the small intestine Metatarsi ant. plantare (plantar anterior tarsal)-see 134 Mucosa (mucous) Synovial folds of the wrist joint Mucosum genu (knee mucosa). Syn.: patellae, з . rudimentum septi Corresponds to plica synoVIalis patellaris-fold of the synovial membrane of the knee joint, filling the space between the articulating bones when the patella moves upward Natatorium ^! (Grapow) (swimmer's). Syn.: palmare transversum cutaneum Corresponds to fasciculi transversi aponeurosis palmaris NaVIculari-lunatum (naviculo-lunate) Designation for lig. intercarpeum interosseum between os naVIculare (manus) and os lunatum NaVIculari-triquetrum (Hunter) (naviculo-triquetral) Part of lig. collaterale carpi radiale (see also 196) NaVIculo-cuboideunTinterosseum (interosseous naviculo-cuboid) Short transverse ligament of the tarsus, between the opposing surfaces of the navicular and cuboid bones NaVIculo-cuneiformia dorsalia (dorsal naviculo-cuneiform). Syn.: scaphoi- deo-sphenoidea dorsalia externa et interna, s. scapho-cuneiformia dorsalia (Barkow) General designation for three short ligaments of the dorsum of the tarsus extending from os naVIculare to os cuneiforme I, II, III NaVIculo-cuneiformia plantaria (plantar naviculo-cuneiform). Syn.: cuneo-naVIcularia plant., s. scapho-cuneiformia (Lauth), s. scaphoideo-cuneiformia ext., int. et medium (Barkow) Flat ligaments of the tarsus on the plantar side, connecting os naVIculare pedis with the three cuneiform bones (above the tendon of m. tibialis post.) Navl-trapezium laterale (VIrchow) naviculo-trapezoidal Ligament on the radial side of os naVIculare and os multangulum Nitentia (shining)-see 367 Nuchae (nuchal). Syn.: raphe mediana cerVIcalis posterior (Cruveilhier) Continuation of lig. apicum of the spine (see 49) in the cervical part. It is a fibrous triangular plate located in the sagittal plane, separating the muscles of the right and left sides of the occipital region. It originates from the spinous processes of all cervical vertebrae and attaches to crista occipitalis ext. et protuberantia occipitalis ext. №№ Latin and Russian names. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Obliqua digitorum manus (oblique of the fingers of the hand) Obliquely running fibrous fibers strengthening the interphalangeal joints of the vaginae fibrosae of the fingers 475 Obliqua genu (oblique of the knee)-see 265 and 268 Obliquum antibrachii (oblique of the forearm) Corresponds to chorda obliqua. Dense fibrous bundles running obliquely from top to bottom from the ulna to the radius, attaching to the latter under tuberosilas radii. Strengthens the elbow joint; supports vessels (Fick) Obliquum scapulae (oblique of the scapula)-see 734 Obtectum (covering) Corresponds to stria longitudinalis lat. corporis callosi. See Corpus callosum Obturatoria atlantis (obturator of the atlas) Corresponds to membranae atlanto-occipitales (see also 81 and 82) Obturatorium pelVIs (obturator of the pelvis) Corresponds to membrana obturatoria (249). See Pelvis Obturatorium post, atlanto-epistrophicum (posterior obturator between atlas and axis) Designation for lig. flavnm (see 305) between atlas and axis Obturatorium stapedis (obturator of the stapes) Corresponds to membrana obturatoria stapedis. See Middle ear Occipitale ant. medium (Meyer) (anterior median occipital) Initial part of lig. longitudinale anterius Occipitale post, accessorium (Meyer) (posterior accessory occipital) Lateral part of membranae tectoriae Occipito-axiale post. (Quain) (posterior occipito-axial) Corresponds to membrana tectoria. Broad dense plate originating in the anterior part of the occipital bone, passing through foramen occipitale magn. and fusing in the area of C1 with lig. longitudinale posterius Occipito-axoidale (occipito-axial) Corresponds to membrana tectoria (see also 485) Occipito-enistrophicum medium et latera-le (Cruveilhier) (median and lateral between occipital bone and axis) Parts of membrana tectoria (see also 485) Odontoideum (odontoid)-see 21 Olecrano-humerale (Rauber) (olecrano-humeral) Posterior part of lig. collaterale ulnare articul. cubiti (see 204). Originates from epicondylus medialis humeri and attaches to processas olecranon ulnae 4Э0 Orbiculare radii (orbicular of the radius)-see 34 Ossiculorum auditus (auditory ossicles) General designation for ligaments of the auditory ossicles (lig.: capsular- ria, mallei ant., sup. laterale; incudis sup. et post.; annulare baseos stapedis; membrana obturatoria stapedis (see 26, 349, 439, 440, 442) Ossis ilium longum (long of the ilium). Syn.: superficiale-see 603 Ossis metatarsi tertii obliquum et rhomboides (Weitbrecht) (oblique and rhomboid of the third metatarsal)- ! see 693 Ossium cuneiformium (cuneiform bones) Designation for lig. intercuneiformia dorsalia, interossea and plantaria Ossium sesamoideorum (sesamoid bones) Ligaments of the sesamoid bones of the foot Ovarii proprium (proper of the ovary). Syn.: ovarii Connective tissue and smooth muscle fibers located between the layers of lig. latum uteri in the form of a bundle extending from the uterus to extremitas uterina of the ovary Ovario-pelVIcum (ovario-pelvic)-see 670 Palmare (palmar) Corresponds to aponeurosis palmaris. See Hand Palmare transversum cutaneum (transverse cutaneous palmar)-see 485 Palpebrale laterale (lateral of the eyelid) Corresponds to rhapne palpebralis lateralis. See Eyelids №№ Latin and Russian names. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Palpebrale mediale (medial of the eyelid) Dense connective tissue strands extending from the nasolateral process of the maxilla to the upper and lower cartilages of the eyelids. Located immediately under the skin, in front of the lacrimal sac Pancreatico-gastricum (pancreato-gastric) Small fold of peritoneum in the area of bursa omentalis, caused by the passage of a. coronaria ventriculi si-nistra under it Patellae (of the patella). Syn.: patellae ant. (Cruveilhier), s. patellae medium (Nuhn), s. proprium, s. patellare inf. (proprium) Strong ligament of the knee joint area (one of the strongest ligaments in the body). Originates from apex patellae and attaches to tuberositas tibiae. It is as if a continuation of the tendon of m. quadriceps femoris, the contraction of which tightens the ligament during extension of the leg; fixes the patella when weight is placed on the leg Patellae (Henle) (of the patella) Corresponds to retinaculum patellae. See Knee joint Patellae externum (Nuhn) (external of the patella). Syn.: laterale Corresponds to retinaculum patellae laterale. See Knee joint Patellae internum (Nuhn) (internal of the patella). Syn.: mediale Corresponds to retinaculum patellae mediale. See Knee joint Patellae medium (Nuhn) (median of the patella)-see 503 Pectinatum iridis (Huecki) (pectinate of the iris). Syn.: iridis (Steno- nis), s. iridis pectinatum Triangular-shaped connective tissue meshwork (on cross-section). On one side it borders the anterior chamber of the eye, on another-with the ciliary muscle, on the third-with the iris, margo ciliaris of which connects with the edge of the posterior surface of the cornea PelVIo-prostaticum capsulare (pelvo-prostatic capsular). Syn.: peri- naeale Part of fascia diaphragmatica uro-genitalis (syn. fascia prostatae) PelVIs ant. (inf. et sup.) [anterior pelvis (lower and upper)]-see 341 PelVIs post, magnum (Meckel) (posterior large pelvis)-see 606 PelVIs post, parvum (Meckel) (posterior small pelvis)-see 605 PelVIs posticum (posterior pelvis)-see 603 Pericardii superius (Beraud) (superior pericardium).

Syn.: costo-pericardiacum Connective tissue bands from fascia praevertebralis (from the bodies of the upper thoracic vertebrae) to the pericardium (and to large vessels) Perinaeale (Carcassonne) (perineal)-see 731 Peronaeo-tibiale (fibulo-tibial). Syn.: capituli fibulae inf. (Barkow) The uppermost fiber bundles of membrana interossea cruris Petioli epiglottidis (Tourtual) (epiglottic stalks)-see 709 Petro-sph^noideum anterius (anterior petro-sphenoid) Corresponds to synchondrosis spheno-petrosa. See Skull Petro-sphenoideum post, (posterior petro-sphenoid). Syn.: epheno-petrosum post. Ligament between the apex of the temporal bone pyramid and the posteriorly deviated process of the main bone Pharyngeum (pharyngeal). Syn.: medium The uppermost part of rhaphe pharyngis. See Pharynx Pharyngeum medium et laterale (Tourtual) (middle and lateral pharyngeal) Connective tissue bands reinforcing fascia pharyngo-basilaris. The middle one extends from tuberc. pharyngeum downward, the lateral ones from the edge of foramen caroticum ext. to the fascia of the same side Pharyngo-epiglotticum (pharyngo-epiglottic) Elastic fiber bundles of the tendon of m. stylo-pharyngei Phrenico-colicum (phrenico-colic). Syn.: costo-colicum, s. pleuro-coli- cum, s. sustentaculum lienis A peritoneal fold extending from flexura coli sinistra to the parietal peritoneum of the lateral abdominal wall. This ligament closes below the blind sac in which lies the lower end of the spleen Phrenico-gastricum (dext. et sin.) [phrenico-gastric (right and left)]. Syn.: gastro-phrenicum A transitional fold of peritoneum from the diaphragm to the cardia and fun-dus of the stomach Phrenico-lienale (phrenico-splenic). Syn.: phreno-splenieum, s. sus- pensorium lienis A fold of peritoneum from facies renalis of the spleen to the left kidney and the inferior surface of the diaphragm (remnant of part of mesogastri- um dorsale) 27 №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Phrenico-pulmonali a (phrenico-pulmonary) Connective tissue fiber bundles from the roots of the lungs to the edge of foramen v. cavae Pinnae (Macalister)-see 84 Piso-hamatum (pisiform-hamate). Syn.: piso-uncinatum, 8. volare ossis pisiformis et hamati (Bartow) General designation of two strong short ligaments of the pisiform bone joint, by which os pisiforme is attached to the root and to the apex of the hook os. hamati. The ligament is a continuation of the tendon of m. flexoris carpi ulnaris. It lengthens the lever action of the ulnar flexor of the wrist (m. flex. carpi ulnaris) Piso-metacarpeum (pisiform-metacarpal) A ligament strengthening the joint of the pisiform bone with the trapezoid; a ligament which is a continuation of the tendon of m. flexoris carpi ulnaris and extends from os pisiforme to the base of the V, partly IV metacarpal bone. Lengthens the lever action of m. flex, carpi ulnaris Plantare longum (long plantar). Syn.: calcaneo-cuboideum intimum (Weber), s. longum (Weitbrecht), s. superfici-ale, s. rectum (Barkow) One of the strongest ligaments in the body. It begins on the tuberosity of the plantar surface of the calcaneus and extends to the base of II-V metatarsal bones. With short and deep bundles it attaches to the tuberosity of the cuboid bone. On its course it crosses over sulcus m. peronaei longi. It is one of the powerful passive tensioners of the longitudinal arch of the foot Planum pedis (Weitbrecht) (flat of the foot) Part of lig. calcaneo-naVIculare plantare (see also 120) Planum sinus tarsi (Weitbrecht) (flat of the tarsal sinus)-see 677 Pleuro-colicum (pleuro-colic)-see 523 Plicae synoVIalis patellaris (Henle) (synovial patellar folds) Connective tissue bundles in plica synoVIalis patellaris of the knee joint Popliteum arcuatum (arcuate popliteal). Syn.: popliteum sup. (Krause), s. arcuatum genu, s. arcus popliteus Bundles of connective tissue fibers reinforcing the capsule of the knee joint and located laterally on the posterior surface of the capsule under lig. popliteum obliquum Popliteum externum (external popliteal). Syn.: inferius The medial part of lig. arcuatum genu (see also 64) Popliteum obliquum (oblique popliteal). Syn.: internum, s. posticum, s. sup., s. post, superficiale genu (Bourgery, s. Win- slowii) A ligament reinforcing the posterior wall of the articular capsule of the knee joint. It begins from epicondylus lateralis femoris and extends obliquely inward and downward to the joint capsule; some bundles receive fibers from the tendon of m. semimembranosi Posterius capituli costae (posterior head of the rib) The posterior part of capsulae articularis capituli costae Posterius longum pelVIs (Weitbrecht) (posterior long pelvic)-see 603 Posterius medianum (Cruveilhier) (posterior median) The posterior part of the articular capsule of the knee joint Post, superficiale genu (Bourgery) (posterior superficial knee)-see 537 Post, vesicae urinariae (Quain) (posterior of the urinary bladder) A fold of m. recto-vesicalis. See Peritoneum Pouparti (Poupart's)-see 352 Praeurethrale (Waldeyer)-see 731 Prismaticum (Weitbrecht) (prismatic)-see 703 Processus breVIs incudis (short process of the incus)-see 349 Proprium cartilaginum costalium (proper of the costal cartilages)-see 367 Proprium dorsale metacarpi (Weber) (proper dorsal metacarpal)-see 88 Proprium dorsale tarsi (Weber) (proper dorsal tarsal)-see 87 Proprium patellae (proper of the patella)-see 503 Proprium scapulae minimum (proper of the scapula smallest)-see 733 Proprium scapulae minus (proper of the scapula small) see-734 №№ . Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Pterygo-mandibulare (pterygo-mandibular). Syn.: pterygo-maxillare, s. intermaxillare, s. raphe pterygo-mandibu laris A ligament of the temporomandibular joint, consisting of fascia bucco-pharyngea bands stretched between hamulus pterygoideus of the main bone and linea mylo-hyoidea of the lower jaw Pterygo-petrosum (CiVInini) (pterygo-petrous)-see 555 Pterygo-spinosum (CiVInini) (pterygo-spinous). Syn.: pterygo-petrosum A thin ligament between spina angularis and lamina lateralis pro- cessus pterygoidei of the main bone. As a result of its ossification, the so-called processus pterygo-spinosus and (beneath it) foramen pterygo-spinosum often form Pubicum ant. (anterior pubic). Syn.: fibrosum anticum Fiber bundles on the anterior surface of laminae fibrocartila-gineae interpubicae Pubicum post, (posterior pubic). Syn.: fibrosum posticum Fiber bundles on the posterior surface of lamina fibrocartilagi-nea interpubica Pubicum superius (Cooperi) (superior pubic). Syn.: annulare superius (Weber), s. arcuatum sup. pubis, s. cristae pubis, s. transversum pubis Transverse fiber bundles stretched along the upper edge of sympnysis os. pubis from one tuberculum pubicum to another. It connects with adminiculum lineae albae (adminiculum-a triangular ligament from sympnysis os. pubis to linea alba). It strengthens the pubic symphysis Pubio-rectale (DenonVIllier) (puborectal)-see 667 Pubis anterius (Cruveilhier) (anterior pubis) Corresponds to lamina fibrocartilaginea Interpubica. See Pelvis Pubis ant. cruciatum (Bourgery) (anterior cruciate pubis) Cruciformly running fibers of attachment of m. recti abdo-minis Pubis (Cowperi) [pubis (Cooper's)]-see 352 Pubis inf. (Cruveilhier) (inferior pubis)-see 68 Pubo-capsulare (pubo-capsular). Syn.: pubo-femorale (Henle) One of the external ligaments reinforcing articulatio coxae. It begins from eminentia ilio-pectinea and the superior branch of os. pubis, weaves into the articular capsule and reaches the inner end of lineae mtertrocnantericae, attaching in the area of the lesser trochanter of the femur. It inhibits abduction of the thigh (at the end of this movement) Pubo-ischiadicum prostatae (pubo-ischiadic of the prostate) Corresponds to fascia diaphragmatis uro-genitalis superior. See Perineum, Prostate Pubo-prostatica lateralia (in males), pu-bo-vesicalia lateralia (in females) (lateral pubo-prostatic). Syn.: triangulare urethrae, s. vesicae anteriora Begins on each side with fibrous bands extending from the posterior surface of the pubic bones (near the lower end of the symphysis, over lig. arcuatum pubis), and spreads to the lateral surfaces of prostatae Pubo-prostaticum medium (in males), pubo-vesicale medium (in females) (middle pubo-prostatic). Syn.: pubio-rectale (DenonVIllier), s. urethrae A triangular ligament extending from the posterior edge of lig. arcuatum pubis to the anterior surface and apex of the prostate and to pars membranacea urethrae Pubo-vesicale (pubovesical) Corresponds to m. pubo-vesicalis. See Urinary bladder Pubo-vesicale laterale (lateral pubovesical)-see base Pubo-vesicale medium (middle pubovesical) Corresponds to lig. pubo-prostaticum medium (see also 537) Pulmonale (pulmonary). Syn.: pulmonis, s. latum pulmonis A duplication of pleura, which is a continuation of the pleural covering of the root of the lung, which extends downward and backward, located almost in the frontal plane, to the posterior edge of the lower lobe of the lung and to pleura mediastinalis Pylori (pylorus).

Syn.: taeniae pylori Longitudinal muscle bundles on the anterior and posterior surface of the pylorus of the stomach (continuation of the longitudinal layer of tunica muscularis) Radiale articulationis cubito-carpalis (Meckel) (radial ligament of the elbow-wrist joint)-see 196 Radiatum costae (radiate of the ribs)-see 129 Radiatum (Mayeri) (radiate)-see 590 Radio-capitato-triquetrum (Gunther) (radial-capitate-triquetral). Syn.: radio-capitatum Part of lig. radio-carpeum volare (see also 579) №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Radio-carpeum dorsale (dorsal radiocarpal1. Syn : annulare posterius carpi, s. rhomboideum manus Strengthening ligaments of the wrist joint, originating from the distal end of the radius and attaching to the bones of the first row of the carpus (os triquetrum, os lunatum and os naviculare) and to os capitatum (covered by lig. carpi dorsale). Restricts flexion of the hand Radio-carpeum transversum volare (Guérin) (transverse volar radiocarpal). Syn.: radio-lunatum profundum et superficiale (Gunther) Part of lig. radio-carpeum volare (see also 579) Radio-carpeum volare (volar radiocarpal) Ligament of the wrist joint. Originates from processus styloideus radii and the volar edge of the articular surface of the radius and attaches to os triquetrum, os lunatum, os capitatum, etc. Restricts extension of the hand Rectale (Quain) (rectal) Condensed bundles of fascia pelvica Recto-uterina (recto-uterine) Fibrous bundles located in the thickness of the peritoneal ligament plicae recto-uterinae. See Uterus, Rectum Rectum longitudinale (longitudinal rectal)-see 90 Rectum longitudinale metatarsi (Weitbrecht) (longitudinal rectal of the metatarsus)-see 696 Rectum medium (Meckel) (middle rectal)-see 47 Reflexum (Collesi) (reflex)-see 351 Reno-lienale (renosplenic). Syn.: lieno-renale Fold of peritoneum stretched from the spleen to the peritoneum of the area of the left kidney Rhomboides claviculae (rhomboid of the clavicle)-see 212 Rhomboideum manus (rhomboid of the hand)-see 677 Robert!-see 267 Rotundum acetabuli (round of the acetabulum)-see 703 Rotundum uteri (round of the uterus)-see 708 Sacciforme (sac-like) Corresponds to capsula articularis articulationis radio-ulnaris distalis Sacculorum (Ruedinger) (of the sacs) Connective tissue bundles that strengthen utriculus and sacculus Sacro-coccygea articularia (articular sacrococcygeal). Syn.: postica breves Short ligaments connecting the horns of the sacrum with the horns of the coccyx. They are the lateral parts of lig. sacro-coccygeum post, superficiale (see also 599). They limit the mobility of the coccyx Sacro-coccygeum anterius (anterior sacrococcygeal) Triangular ligament between the sacrum and coccyx. Extends from the pelvic surface of the apex of the sacrum to the anterior surface of the 1st coccygeal vertebra. Limits the mobility of the coccyx Sacro-coccygeum laterale (lateral sacrococcygeal). Syn.: post, breve (Barkow), s. post, breve et externum Lateral ligament between the sacrum and coccyx (on each side). Extends from the lateral edge of the sacrum to processus transversus of the 1st coccygeal vertebra. Limits the mobility of the coccyx Sacro-coccygeum posterius profundum (posterior deep sacrococcygeal). Syn.: posterius (Arnold), s. medium (Krause), s. posticum profundum, s. stratum profundum lig. sacro-coccygei post, longi (Barkow) One of the ligaments of synchondrosis sacro-coccygea. Extends along the posterior surface of the last sacral and 1st-2nd coccygeal vertebrae. Limits the mobility of the coccyx Sacro-coccygeum posterius superficiale (posterior superficial sacrococcygeal). Syn.: posterius (Krause), s. post, et internum (Weber), s. posticum superficiale, s. coccygeum post, superficiale, s. stratum superficiale lig. sacro-coccygei post, longi Strong, superficially located, quadrangular ligament of synchondrosis sacro-coccygea. Attaches to the sacral and coccygeal horns and to the posterior surface of the 2nd coccygeal vertebra. Limits the mobility of the coccyx Sacro-iliaca anteriora (anterior sacroiliac). Syn.: superiora, s. vag anteriora Ligaments of the sacroiliac joint. Short obliquely and transversely running bundles between the sacrum and ilium. They strengthen the capsular ligament in front, prevent the descent of the sacrum under the weight and the divergence of the pelvic ring

Ligaments

№№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Attachment site. Position. Purpose (function) Sacro-iliaca interossea (interosseous sacro-iliac). Syn.: ilio-sacralia interossea, s. vaga posteriora, s. ilio-sacrapostica Transverse and oblique ligaments stretched between the sacrum and ilium, forming (posteriorly) a depression between the posterior surface of the sacrum and tuberositas iliaca. They prevent the descent of the sacrum under the weight of the body Sacro-iliacum obliquum dorsale (Fick) (oblique sacro-iliac posterior)-see 602 Sacro-iliacum post, breve [oblique sacro-iliac (posterior, short)]. Syn.: ilio-sacrale posterius breve, s. accessorium vagum, s. obliquum dorsale (Fick) An accessory ligament that strengthens the sacro-iliac joint. It extends from crista sacralis lateralis to spina iliaca post, inferior. It prevents the descent of the sacrum under the weight of the body and the divergence of the pelvic ring Sacro iliacum post, longum (posterior sacro-iliac long). Syn.: ilio-sacrum longum, s. obliquum, s. posticum, p. profundum, s. vertebrale (Crucielhier), s. sacro-spinosum (Bichat), s. accessorium vagum, s. ossis ilium longum, s. superficiale, s. pelvis posticum, s. posterius longum pelvis (Weibrecht), s. sacro-iliacum rectum dorsale (Fick) A strong, long ligament that strengthens the sacro-iliac joint posteriorly. It ascends from the posterior surface of the sacrum in the region of S-V, partially covering lig. sacro-iliacum post, breve, to spina iliaca post. sup., where it ends. It prevents the descent of the sacrum under the weight of the body and the divergence of the pelvic ring Sacro-iliacum rectum dorsale (Fick) (straight sacro-iliac posterior)-see 603 Sacro-spinosum (sacro-spinous). Syn.: sacro-ischiadicum internum, s. minus, s. pelvis post, parvum, s. spino-sacrum A strong ligament of the pelvis, separating foramen ischiadicum majus from foramen ischiadicum minus. It extends from the lateral borders of the last sacral vertebra, as well as from the coccygeal vertebrae, laterally, forward, and downward to spina ischiadica. On its course, this ligament crosses lig. sacro-tuberosum (see 606) anteriorly. See Pelvis Sacro-tuberosum (sacro-tuberal). Syn.: tuberoso-sacrum, s. sacro-ischiadicum majus, s. pelvis post, magnum (Meckel) A strong ligament of the pelvis, bounding foramen ischiadicum inferiorly. It extends from the free border of the sacrum and coccyx downward and forward to the medial surface of tuber ischii. In its upper part, it merges with lig. sacro-iliacum post, longum (see 603). See Pelvis Sacro-uterina (sacro-uterine)-see 771 Salpingo-pharyngea (tubopharyngeal) Connective tissue strands that extend laterally from the membranous parts of the auditory (Eustachian) tubes to the wall of the pharynx, where they disappear. They serve as support for the walls of the pharynx. Corresponding fascia salpingo-pharyngea (according to Troeltsch) 609 Santorini (Santorini's)-see 252 Scapho-cuboideum dorsale (Meckel) (dorsoscaphocuboid)-see 271 6U Scapho-cuneiformia dorsalia (dorsoscaphocuneiform)-see 469 Scaphoideo-cuneiformia (externum, internum et medium) (Barkow) (external, internal and middle scaphocuneiform)-see 470 Scapho-cuneiformia (Lauth) (scaphocuneiform)-see 470 Scaphoideo-sphenoideum dorsale (ext. et int.) (Barkow) [dorsal scaphosphenoid (external and internal)]-see 463 Scapulae (scapula) General designation for the ligaments of the scapula: lig. coraco-acromiale, transversum scapulae sup. et inf. (see corresponding ligaments) (228, 734 and 733) 616 | Scapulae posterius (posterior scapula). Syn: proprium, s. proprium post.-see 734 Scapulae proprium transversum anterius (proper transverse scapula). Syn.: majus-see 228 618 j Schlemmii A bundle of fibers in the lower part of capsula articularis humeri Scrotale testis (Waldeyer) (scrotal testis) Corresponds to gubernaculum testis. See Gubernaculum Hunteri ) Serosa (serous) Folds or strands, duplicatures of the serous coverings of the peritoneum, pleura, e.g. lig. hepato-gastricum, lig. pulmonale and others. Serratum medullae spinalis (denticulate spinal cord)-see 284 622 623 Sphenoideo-cuboideum dorsale transversum (dorsosphenocuboid transverse)-see 275 Sphenoideo-metatarsea plantaria int. (Barkow) (plantar metatarsophalangeal internal)-see 696 №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Attachment site/Position. Purpose (function) Spheno-mandibulare (sphenomandibular). Syn.: spheno-maxillare, s. accessorium mediale (Henle), s. internum, s. laterale intern, articulationis mandibularis, s. maxillare mediate Extracapsular ligament of the mandibular joint. It begins from spina angularis of the sphenoid bone and, dividing into three bundles, attaches I bundle-deep-to the neck of the mandibular condyle, II-middle-to lingula mandibulae, III-superficial-to the posterior-medial border of the lower part of the ascending branch of mandibula. It holds the mandible (at the moment of muscle rest) in contact with the glenoid fossa. It resists hinge movement in the joint. Spheno-petrosum anterius (anterior sphenopetrosal) Corresponds to synchondrosis spheno-petrosa Spheno-petrosum posterius (Gruber) (posterior sphenopetrosal)-see 619 Spino-glenoideum (Macalister, Quain) (spinoglenoid)-see 733 Spino-scapulare (Mollier) (spinoscapular) A special thickened strand of fascia dorsalis, extending from the spinous processes of Dv and VI to the inferior angle of the scapula. This ligament reduces the forward movement of the inferior angle of the scapula Spinoso-sacrum (spinosacral)-see 605 Spirale cochleae (spiral of the cochlea). Syn.: membranae basilaris A thickening of the periosteum on the inner surface of the cochlear canal on the side opposite the position of the bony spiral lamina. Connective tissue strands from lamina basilaris to the periosteum Splenico-gastricum (splenogastric)-see 311 Spurium vesicae (false ligament of the bladder) Designation for the fold of m. recto-vesicalis. See Bladder Sterno-cardiacum (inf. et sup.) (Luschka) [sternocardiac (inferior and superior)]-see 641 Sterno-claviculare (sternoclavicular). Syn.: fibrosum (ant. et. post.) One of the strengthening ligaments of the capsule of articulatio sterno-clavicularis. A strong ligament extending upward and outward from the manubrium sterni, attaching with its other end to the sternal end of the clavicle. It prevents excessive depression of the clavicle Sterno-claviculare anterius (anterior sternoclavicular)-see 242 Sterno-costale interarticulare (interarticular sternocostal). Syn.: interarticulare chondro-sternale (Quain), s. cartilago costalis interarticularis, s. intraarticulare Intraarticular ligament of the joints between the costal cartilages and sternum. These short ligaments extend from incisura costalis of sterni to the costal cartilage of the corresponding rib. They are present in the cartilages of ribs 11-V Sterno-costale intraarticulare (intraarticular sternocostal)-see 633 Sterno-costalia radiata anteriora (anterior radiate sternocostal)-see 639 ' Sterno-costalia radiata (radiate sternocostal). Syn.: costo-sternalia Auxiliary ligaments of the capsule of the joints between the costal cartilages and sternum. The bundles originate from the perichondrium of the ends of the cartilages and are interwoven into the periosteum of the sternum. The anterior one together with the periosteum of the sternum forms the shiny membrane sterni Sterno-costalia radiata posteriora (posterior radiate sternocostal)-see 639 Sterno-pericardiaca (Luschka) (sternopericardial). Syn.: xipho-pericardiaca, s. sterno-cardiaca (inf. et sup.) Two large fibrous strands connecting the anterior wall of the pericardial sac with the posterior surface of the sternum Sterno-xiphoidea [sternoxiphoid] Short ligaments stretched in a specific direction from the anterior surface of the inferior end of the body of the sternum to its xiphoid process. They supplement lig. costo-xiphoidea (see also 247) Stylo-hyoideum (stylohyoid) A thin elastic ligament extending from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone Stylo-mandibulare (stylomandibular). Syn.: stylo-maxillare, s. stylo-myloideum A weak ligament of the mandible. It begins from processus styloideus of the temporal bone and attaches to the posterior border of the ascending branch of the mandible (to the angle) Stylo-mylo-hyoideum (stylohyomandibular) General designation for lig. stylo-mandibulare et stylo-hyoideum Subcruentum Bundles of part of the articular capsule of the wrist joint, attaching to proc. styloideus ulnae Subflava (yellowish)-see 305 Subpubicum (subpubic)-see 58 №№ Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Attachment site. Position. Purpose (function) Superficialia carpi (superficial carpal) Corresponds to lig. radio-carpea (577-679) Superius coxae (superior hip)-see 340 Superius diaphragmatis (superior diaphragm) Connective tissue strands from the upper thoracic vertebrae to the central tendon of the diaphragm Superius humeri (superior humerus)-see 234 Superius (Weber) (superior)-see 340 Suprascapulare (suprascapular)-see 734 Supraspinale (supraspinous). Syn.: apicum, s. longitudinale (Barkow) Ligamentous strands stretched between the apices of the spinous processes of all lumbar and thoracic vertebrae up to C VIi, where it merges with lig. nuchae (see 473).

Bundles of this ligament also merge with lig. interspinalia (see 386) (see also 49) 65S Suspensoria glandulae thyreoideae (medium et lateralia) [suspensory of the thyroid gland (middle and lateral)]-see 317 Suspensorium axillae (Gerdy) (suspensory of the armpit) Bundles extending from fascia coraco-clavicularis to connect with fascia axillaris (from the thoracic region to the axillary region) Suspensorium clitoridis (suspensory of the clitoris) An elastic connective tissue ligament extending from the symphysis of the pubic bones to the dorsum of the clitoris Suspensorium dentis posterius (Luschka) (epistrophei) [posterior, suspensory of the tooth (epistropheus)]-see 47 Suspensorium glandulae lacrimalis (suspensory of the lacrimal gland). Syn.: Soemmeringi Connective tissue bundles attaching gl. lacrimalis sup. to the periosteum of the upper wall of the orbit Suspensorium hepatis (suspensory of the liver)-see 301 Suspensorium humeri (suspensory of the shoulder)-see 234 Suspensorium laterale penis (Heine). Literal suspensory muscle of the penis Bundles of connective tissue binding tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa penis to the inferior rami of the pubic bones Suspensorium lentis (suspensory of the lens) Corresponds to zonula ciliaris. See Eye Suspensorium lienis (suspensory of the spleen)-see 625 Suspensorium mallei (suspensory of the malleus)-see 441 Suspensorium mammae (Giraldes) (suspensory of the mammary gland) Connective tissue plates from fascia superficialis of the thoracic region, forming a capsule for the gland Suspensorium mammae (Cooper) (suspensory of the mammary gland) Corresponds to retinaculum mammae. Connective tissue strands between the gland and subcutaneous fat tissue, as well as the fascia of m. pector. major Suspensorium oculi (Lockwood) (suspensory of the eye) The lower part of septum orbitale Suspensorium ovarii (Clado) (suspensory of the ovary). Syn.: infundibulo-pelvicum, s. ovario-pelvicum A short (about 2 cm in length) fold of peritoneum-part of lig. latum uteri (see 425) near the lateral wall of the pelvis. In the thickness of this fold pass to the ovary a. and v. ovarica Suspensorium penis (suspensory of the penis). Syn.: superficiale An unpaired triangular connective tissue plate extending from the anterior surface of symphysis ossis pubis downward to the dorsum of the penis Suspensorium penis profundum (deep suspensory of the penis) Fibrous fibers from the attachment point of m. recti abdominis to the penis Suspensorium trochleare (suspensory of the trochlear ligament) A short bundle of connective tissue strengthening trochlea (for m. obliquus sup.) on fovea trochlearis or on spina trochlearis Suspensorium vesicae urinariae (suspensory of the urinary bladder) Corresponds to lig. umbilicale medium (see 765) Talo-calcaneum anterius (anterior talo-calcaneal). Syn.: interosseum, s. apparatus ligamentosus sinus tarsi One of the ligaments of the talo-calcaneal joint. Connects the talus and calcaneus bones at the entrance to sinus tarsi. Together with lig. talo-calcaneum interosseum (see) forms sinus tarsi, constituting its apparatus ligamentosus, №№ Latin and Russian names. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Talo-calcaneum interosseum (interosseous talo-calcaneal). Syn.: astragalo-calcaneum interosseum, s. posterius (Barkow), s. astragalo-scaphoideum interosseum, s. apparatus ligamentosus sinus tarsi A strong ligament of the talo-calcaneal joint, firmly connecting sulcus tali and sulcus calcani. The medial part is lig. astragalo-calcaneum int. ant. Together with lig. talo-calcaneum ant. (see 675) forms sinus tarsi, constituting apparatus ligamentosus sinus tarsi. Limits rotation, pronation and supination of the foot ' 677 Talo-calcaneum laterale (lateral talo-calcaneal). Syn.: astragalo-calcaneum interosseum ant. (Barkow), s. apparatus ligamentosus tarsi (Krause), s. planum sinus tarsi (Weitbrecht) The lateral ligament of the talo-calcaneal joint. Connects talus and the lateral surface of calcaneus (near its facies articularis post.) ; Talo-calcaneum mediale (medial talo-calcaneal) An accessory ligament of the talo-calcaneal joint, which extends from sulcus m. flexoris hallucis longi to sustentaculum tali Talo-calcaneum mediale superficiale horizontale (Fick) (medial talo-calcaneal superficial, horizontal) A fibrous bundle extending from processus post. tali to sustentaculum tali os. calcanei Talo-calcaneum posterius (posterior talo-calcaneal). Syn.: astragalo-calcaneum posterius (Meckel) An accessory ligament of the talo-calcaneal joint. Located on the posterior surface of the joint and extends from the lateral edge of sulcus m. flexoris hallucis longi tali to the superior surface of calcanei Talo-fibulare anterius (anterior talo-fibular). Syn.: fibulae ant. (Weitbrecht), s. fibulae tali ant. (Barkow), s. externum (Meckel) et post., s. fibulae post. (Weitbrecht), s. fibulare tali post. superficial et profundum (Mekkel) An accessory ligament of the ankle joint. Originates on the anterior surface (edge) of the lateral malleolus and attaches to the anterior edge of the articular surface of the trochlea of the talus and the lateral surface of collum tali. Restricts extreme dorsal flexion of the foot Talo-fibulare posterius (posterior talo-fibular) The strongest of the three accessory ligaments on the lateral side of the ankle joint. Extends from the fossa of the lateral malleolus to processus post. tali. Limits extreme plantar flexion of the foot Talo-naviculare dorsale (dorsal talo-navicular). Syn.: dorsale talo-naviculare, s. astragalo-scaphoideum externum et medium (Barkow), s. internum, s. obliquum ascendens (Barkow) A broad ligament of the dorsum of the foot. Connects the neck of talus to the dorsal surface of os. naviculare Talo-naviculare internum (internal talo-navicular) A ligament located medially to lig. talo-naviculare dorsale (see 683) Talo-tibiale anterius (anterior talo-tibial). Syn.: anticum et posterius, s. posticum (Meyer) One of the four ligaments comprising lig. deltoideum pedis (see 283). A short ligament extending from malleolus medialis to the medial surface of talus (near its facies malleolaris medialis). Restricts extreme dorsal flexion of the foot Talo-tibiale posterius (posterior talo-tibial) One of the four ligaments constituting lig. deltoideum pedis (see 283); extends from malleolus medialis to processus post. tali and to the posterior edge of the medial surface of the trochlea of the talus. Limits extreme plantar flexion of the foot Tarseum transversum mediale et laterale (Henle) [transverse (medial and lateral) tarsal] Plantar ligaments strengthening the Lisfranc joint. Two transverse elongated bundles of fibers. Between the bases of ossis metatarsalis V and II-III ossa cuneiformia. Form a passive tensioning of the transverse arch of the foot Tarsi anterius (anterior tarsus)-see 264 Tarsi dorsalia (dorsal tarsus) A general designation for the dorsal ligaments of the foot in the tarsal region: lig. talo-naviculare, cuneo-cuboideum dorsale, bifurcatum, calcaneo-naviculare dorsale et naviculo-cuneiformia dorsalia (see respective ligaments) Tarsi interossea (interosseous tarsus) A general designation for the dorsal ligaments of the foot located between individual tarsal bones: lig. talo-calcaneum interosseum, cuneo-cuboideum interosseum et intercuneiformia interossea (see respective ligaments) Tarsi plantaria (plantar tarsus) A general designation for the plantar ligaments of the tarsus: lig. plantare longum, calcaneo-cuboideum plantare, calcaneo-naviculare plantare, naviculo-cuneiformia plantaria, cuboideo-naviculare plant., intercuneiformia plant., cuneo-cuboideum plant, (see respective ligaments). Except for the first of those listed, all belong to the deep plantar ligaments Tarsi sup. et inf. (upper and lower cartilages) Part of septum orbitale-a thin connective tissue plate connecting the concave edge of both cartilages of the eyelids to the edge of the orbit 693 1 Tarso-calcaneum dorsale (Krause) (dorsal tarsal-calcaneal)-see 104 №№ Latin and Russian names. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Tarso-calcaneum plantare (plantar tarsal-calcaneal)-see 109 Tarso-metatarsalia dorsalia (dorsal tarsal-metatarsal). Syn.: bigemina, s. trigemina (Arnold) Strengthening ligaments of articulationes tarso-metatarsales, located on the dorsum of the foot in number 6-8 Tarso-metatarsalia plantaria (plantar tarsal-metatarsal). Syn.: bifurcata profunda (Arnold), s. cuboideo-metatarsalia longa (Barkow), s. recta longitudinalia metatarsi (Weitbrecht), s. sphenoideo-metatarsalia plantaria interna (Barkow), s. sphenoideo-tarsae Strengthening the joint capsules of articulationes tarso-metatarsales with 8 plantar ligaments (e.g., lig. ossis metatarsi tertii obliquum et rhomboides), located partly superficially and partly deeply Tarso-navicularia dorsalia (dorsal tarsal-navicular)-see 271 Tectorium (covering) Corresponds to membrana tectoria. A broad ligament covering the ligamentous apparatus between Ci and the occipital bone. Originates from lig. longitudinale post. (see 430) and passes into the dura mater Temporo-mandibulare (temporomandibular).

Syn.: accessor, laterale (Henle), s. externum articulationis mandibularis, s. maxillare laterale Extracapsular ligament of the mandibular joint. It attaches to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (to the zygomatic arch) and to the neck of the articular process of the mandible. It has anterior and posterior parts with different directions of fibers. It holds the mandible in contact with the articular fossa during rest. It resists the hinge movement in the joint Teres acetabuli (round ligament of the acetabulum)-see 703 Teres antibrachii (round ligament of the forearm). Corresponds to chorda obliqua (see 473). See Forearm Teres capituli costae (Cloquet) (round ligament of the head of the rib)-see 127 Teres femoris (round ligament of the thigh). Syn.: sar-sulare internum coxae, s. interarticulare coxae, s. prismaticum (Weitbrecht), s. rotundum acetabuli, s. teres acetabuli, s. plica interarticularis coxae, s. synoVIalis coxae, s. triquetrum Intraligament of the hip joint. It begins with a broad base from the fatty pad of the bottom of the acetabulum (fossa acetabuli) and from lig. transversum acetabuli (see 724) and, gradually narrowing, attaches to fovea ca-pitis femoris. Blood vessels to the head of the femur pass through the ligament. It cushions shocks in the hip joint; increases the congruence of the articular surfaces; limits the supination of the thigh in its bent position Teres hepatis (round ligament of the liver). Syn.: he-pato-umbilicale The free thickened edge of lig. falciforme hepatis (see 301), stretched from the navel to the left anterior notch of the liver and containing the obliterated umbilical vein (v. um-bilicalis) Teres sinuositatis tarsi (Weitbrecht) (round ligament of the tarsal sinus) Part of lig. talo-calcaneum interosseum (see 676) Teres uteri (round ligament of the uterus). Syn.: ingui- nale int. (Hesselbachi), s. rotundum uteri, s. crus, s. funiculus uteri A cord of smooth muscle fibers and fibrous tissue, extending from both sides from the upper part of the body of the uterus (near the exit of the fallopian tubes). It passes through the thickness of lig. latum uteri, then enters the inguinal canal and, emerging through its subcutaneous opening, disappears into the fatty tissue of the labia majora. The muscle bundles are a direct continuation of the muscular layer of the uterus 707 Tbyreo-arytaenoidea inferiora (inferior thyroid-cricoid)-see 794 Thyreo-arytaenoideum superius (superior thyroid-cricoid)-see 782 Thyreo-epigloticum (thyro-epiglottic). Syn.: petioli epiglottidis (Tour-tual) A triangular elastic ligament of the larynx, attaching the leg (petiolus epiglottidis) of the epiglottis to the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage, directly below incisura thyreoidea superior Thyreoideum laterale (lateral thyroid)-see 337 Thyreoideum medium (middle thyroid)-see 338 Tibio-calcaneo-naVIculare (tibio-calcaneo-navicular)-see 122 Tibio-fibulare anterius (anterior tibio-fibular)-see 130 Tibio-fibulare ant. (Meyer) (anterior tibio-fibular)-see 445 Tibio-fibulare superius (Meckel) (superior tibio-fibular)-see 448 Tibio-fibulare transversum (transverse tibio-fibular) The upper part of lig. malleoli lateralis post. (see 447). Long and thin cords with almost horizontal direction | ligaments №№ Latin and Russian names. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) Ti bio-naVIcu lare (tibio-navicular). Syn.: anterius internum articu- lationis talo-cruralis (Meckel) One of the four ligaments that make up lig. deltoideum pedis. The anterior part of lig. deltoideum extends from the medial malleolus forward to the dorsal surface of os naVIculare (pedis). It limits extreme dorsal extension of the foot Transversa capitulorugi metacarpalium (transverse ligaments of the heads of the metacarpal bones). Syn.: metacarpi-see 91 Transversale externum lig. fibrocartilagmei acetabuli (Meckel) (external transverse fibrocartilaginous ligament of the acetabulum)-see 724 Transversale internum articulationis coxae (Weitbrecht) (internal transverse ligament of the hip joint) Part of labrum glenoidale articulationis coxae Transversarium externum (external transverse)-see 757 Transversarium internum longum (internal long transverse)-see 213 Transversarium post, metatarsi longum (Arnold) (posterior long transverse of the tarsus)-see »o Transversum acetabuli (transverse ligament of the acetabulum). Syn.: transversale externum lig. fibrocartilagmei acetabuli (Meckel) Additional connective tissue bundles of labrum glenoidale i articulationis coxae in the place where the latter is bridged over incisura acetabuli Transversum atlantis (transverse ligament of the atlas) The transverse, stronger part of lig. cruciatum atlantis (see 263), stretched behind the odontoid process of the axis between the inner surfaces of the lateral masses of the atlas. Together with the anterior arch of the atlas, it fixes processus odontoideus. It is separated from the latter by a bursa Transversum carpi (transverse ligament of the wrist)-see 164 Transversum colli uteri (Mackenrodt) (transverse ligament of the cervix uteri). Syn.: latum colli uteri Cords of smooth muscle fibers in lig. latum uteri Transversum cruris (transverse ligament of the leg). Syn.: vaginale cruris, s. tibiae Transversely running, dense cords in the lower part of fasciae cru- ris. This ligament extends from the anterior crest of tibiae to the anterior crest and lateral surface of fibulae Transversum genu (transverse ligament of the knee). Syn.: commune genu (Weber), s. transversum cartilaginum. semilunarium (Weitbrecnt), s. jugale An inconstant short intraligament of the knee joint, stretched between the anterior ends of the lateral and medial menisci Transversum mallei (transverse ligament of the malleus)-see 440 Transversum pelVIs (Henle) (transverse ligament of the pelvis). Syn.: interosseum pubis (Winslow), s. perinaeale (Carcassonne), s. praeurethra-le (Waldeyer), s. triangulare urethrae (Col-lesi) Strong, transversely running bundles of fibers of fascia diaphrag-matis uro-genitalis inf., attached to the pubic bones under the symphysis pubis. Between this ligament and lig. arcuatum pubis (see 58) there remains a slit, through which v. dorsalis penis passes into the pelvis. Under the ligament on both sides pass ' n. et a. dorsalis penis Transversum pubis (transverse ligament of the pubis)-see 558 Transversum scapulae inferius (inferior transverse ligament of the scapula). Syn.: minimum, s. proprium scapulae minimum, s. spino-glenoideum (Macalister et Quain), s. triangulare scapulae (Weitbrecht), s. triquetrum scapulae A small flat ligament of the scapula, thrown over the groove collum scapulae between the edge of caVItas glenoidalis and the root of processus acromion Transversum scapulae superius (superior transverse ligament of the scapula). Syn.-. coraco-costoi-deum (Meckel), s. costo-coracoideum, s. coracoideum scapulae, s. obliquum scapulae, s. proprium scapulae minus, s. poste-rius, s. proprium posterius, s. suprascapu-lare Fibrous bundles thrown like a bridge over incisura scapulae and forming together with it an opening through which nervus suprascapularis passes (art. et vena trans- ' versa scapulae more often pass through the ligament) Trapezio-trapezoideum Designation for lig. intercarpeum interosseum between os multan-gulum majus et minus Trapezium (trapezium)-see 283 Trapezoideum (trapezoid). Syn.: trapezoides articulationis acromio-claVIcu- laris, s. trapezoideum (Weitbrecht), s. co- raco-claVIculare ext. The lower or anterior part of lig. coraco-claVIculare (see 230), having the shape of a quadrangle. It strengthens artic. acromio-claVIcularis Triangulare (triangular)-see 228 ligaments №№ Latin and Russian names. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function) 739 Triangulare (Coilesi, Luschka) (triangular-1) Corresponds to fascia diaphragmatis uro-genitalis superior Triangulare femoris (triangular ligament of the thigh)-see 354 Triangulare Gimbernati (Gimbernati's triangular). Syn.: Scarpae Corresponds to cornu superius marginis falciformis fasciae latae Triangulare hepatis (dext. et sin.) [triangular ligament of the liver (right and left)] The free thinned edges (right and left) of lig. coronarium hepatis (see 238) Triangulare (Krause) [triangular (Krause)]-see. 354 Triangulare llneae albae (triangular ligament of the linea alba) Corresponds to adminiculum lineae albae-a triangular strengthening ligament on the symphysis pubis, which passes into linea alba Triangulare (Pfitzner) (triangular) Corresponds to discus articulationis radio-ulnaris distalis Triangulare scapulae (Weitbrecht) (triangular ligament of the scapula)-see 733 Triangulare urethrae (triangular ligament of the urethra)-see 565 Triangulare urethrae (Coilesi) (triangular ligament of the urethra)-see 731 Triangulare urethrae (Hyrtl) [triangular ligament of the urethra (Hyrtl)] Corresponds to trigonum uro-genitale. See Perineum, Penis Triangulare vesicae ant. (anterior triangular ligament of the bladder)-see 668 Trigeminum (Arnold) (trigeminal)-see 695 Triquetrum (Tourtual) (triangular)-see 251 Triquetrum pedis (Meckel) (triangular ligament of the foot)-see 114 Triquetrum scapulae (triangular ligament of the scapula)-see 733 Trochleare (trochlear)-see 133 Tuberculi costae (tubercle of the rib)-see 757 and 758 Tuberculi costae inf. (inferior tubercle of the rib). Syn.: costo-transversarium tuberculi, s. breve post.

(Krause), s. transversarium externum Quadrilateral ligament of the costal tubercle, extending from the apex of the transverse process of the vertebra to the posterior surface of the tubercle of the rib. Superior tubercle of the rib. Additional bundles (ligament) of fibers to the anterior costotransverse ligament (see 243). Tuberosities of the vertebrae - see 390. Tuberoso-sacral - see 606. Tubo-ovaricum (tubo-ovarian) Peritoneal fold near the fimbria ovarica. Ulno-carpeum volare (H. Virchow, Fick) (radio-carpal volar) Volar ligament, strengthening the wrist joint. It begins from the volar edge of the articular disc and the base of the styloid process of the ulna to the lunate bone, capitate bone, and triquetrum. See lig. carpi arcuatum volare' (150). It inhibits extension of the hand. Ulno-radio-lunatum volare (Gunther) (ulno-radio-lunar volar) Part of the volar radiocarpal ligament (see 579). Ulno-vaginale (Gunther) (ulno-vaginal) Part of the transverse carpal ligament (see 164). Umbilicale medium (median umbilical). Syn.: mediale, s. urachi, s. anterius vesicae, s. suspensorium vesicae urinariae, s. vesicale medium Connective tissue cord extending from the apex of the urinary bladder to the navel. It is a remnant of the so-called urachus. It causes the presence of the fold of the peritoneum of the anterior abdominal wall - plica vesico-umbilicalis medialis. Umbilicalia lateralia (lateral umbilical). Syn.: chordae arteriarum umbilicalium, s. vesicalia lateralia, s. vesico-umbilicalia Connective tissue cords extending from the right and left hypogastric arteries to the lateral walls of the urinary bladder, then rising upward under the peritoneum of the anterior abdominal wall to the navel. They are obliterated umbilical arteries. They cause the presence of peritoneal folds - plicae vesico-umbilicales laterales. Urethrae - see 537. Uteri ant. inferius (anterior inferior of the uterus) Corresponds to plica vesico-uterina. See Uterus, Ligaments. Numbers Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function). Uteri latum (broad ligament of the uterus) - see 425. Uteri rotundum (round ligament of the uterus) - see 706. Utero-sacralia (uterosacral). Syn.: sacro-uterina Corresponds to m. recto-uterini. See Uterus, Rectum. Vaginae vasorum cruralium (sheath of the femoral vessels) Ligament attached to the iliopectineal eminence (from the sheath of the femoral vessels). Vaginale (vaginal) Corresponds to rudimentum processus vaginalis. See Testis, Inguinal canal. Vaginale cruris (sheath of the leg) - see 728. Vaginale tibiae (sheath of the tibia) - see 728. Vaginalia digitorum manus (sheaths of the fingers of the hand). Syn.: vaginae tendinum mm. flexorum digitorum manus Dense, transversely running fibrous bundles on the palmar surface of the fingers for the synovial sheaths of the flexor tendons of the fingers (hand). Part of the fascia of the hand. (Compare lig. cruciata, annularia, etc.). Vaginalia digitorum pedis (sheaths of the fingers of the foot) Dense fibrous bundles running transversely on the plantar surface of the fingers for the synovial sheaths of the flexor tendons of the fingers (foot). Valsalva - see 84. Venae cavae (vena cava) Bundles of fibrous fibers thrown over the fossa venae cavae. Venae cavae sinistrae (of the left vena cava). Syn.: cavae sin., s. plica vestigii Obliterated remnant of the embryonic left superior vena cava. Thin elastic fibers extending from the left superior intercostal vein to the left oblique vein of the atrium. Venosum (Arantii) (venous). Syn.: ductus venosi Thin connective tissue cord located in the left longitudinal groove of the inferior surface of the liver, extending from the left incisure to the v. cava inf. [see lig. teres hepatis (see 704)]. It is the obliterated ductus venosus (Arantii) of the fetus. Ventricularia (ventricular). Syn.: ventriculorum, s. glottidis spuria, s. cristae glandulosae laryngis, s. thyreo-arytaenoidea superiora, s. vocalia spuria Connective tissue and elastic fibers raising the mucous membrane of the larynx into folds over the laryngeal ventricles (right and left). Extended from the angle of the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages. The so-called false vocal cords. Ventriculi (stomach) Two strong fibrous bundles in the connective tissue of the serous membrane of the stomach above the incisura angularis. Located in the anterior and posterior walls of the stomach. Vertebralia (vertebral) - see 221. Vertebro-pericardiaca (vertebro-pericardial) Fibrous cords extending from the upper thoracic vertebrae to the pericardium. Vertebro-phrenicum (Rauber) (vertebro-diaphragmatic) General designation for two bundles of thickened (at the level of the three lower cervical vertebrae) praevertebral fascia. These bundles extend from the anterior and lateral parts of the upper thoracic vertebrae to the pericardial sac, to the trachea, to the root of the lungs; from there they go to the centrum tendineum of the diaphragm. It serves to strengthen the tendinous center during contraction of the diaphragm. Vertebro-pulmonalia (vertebro-pulmonary) Part of the lig. vertebro-phrenicum (see) extending from the upper thoracic vertebrae to the roots of the lungs (right and left). Vesicae anteriora (anterior of the bladder) - see 566. Vesicale medium (median vesical) - see 765. Vesicalia lateralia (lateral vesical) - see 783. Vesico-umbilicalia (vesico-umbilical) - see 763. Vocale anterius (Katzenstein) (anterior vocal) Thickening at the anterior ends of lig. vocalia, s. inferiora (see 794). Vocale posterius (Luschka) (posterior vocal) Connective tissue membrane between the corniculate cartilages. Numbers Latin and Russian name. Synonyms. Place of attachment. Position. Purpose (function). Vocalia (vocal). Syn.: vera, s. inferiora, s. chordae vocales (Ferreini), s. thyreo-arytaenoidea inf. Strong elastic fiber bundles extended on each side from the angle of the thyroid cartilage (inner surface) to the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages. Together with the thyreo-arytaenoideus (internus), s. vocalis, covered by the mucous membrane of the larynx, these ligaments form the so-called true vocal cords. Between the ligaments remains the rima glottidis. Vocalia spuria (false vocal cords) - see 782. Volare rectum ossis pisiformis (Weber) (volar straight of the pisiform bone) - initial part of lig. pisometacarpal from the fifth metacarpal bone. Volaria carpi (volar carpal) - see 363. Winslow - see 637. Wrisbergii Terminal part of lig. cruciatum post. (see 266) on the lateral meniscus of the knee joint. Xipho-pericardiaca (xiphoid-pericardial) - see 641. Ypsiloforme (in the form of the Greek letter upsilon). Syn.: Bigelow Anterior part of lig. ilio-femorale (see 340). Ypsiloideum (ipsiloideum) - see 264. Zinni (Zinn's) Corresponds to annulus tendineus communis. Tendon ring, which is the site of origin of the eye muscles. Zonale femoris (femoral girdle). Syn.: annulare femoris Corresponds to zona orbicularis (Weberi). Ligament located in the thickness of the fibrous capsule of the hip joint, having circular and transverse direction of fibers. This ligament covers the middle of the femoral neck. It is a strong support for the head of the femur; together with lig. ilio-femorale it limits the inward rotation of the thigh. In the cartilaginous skeleton of the larynx there is an auxiliary ligamentous apparatus to the joint capsules of the articulated cartilages, Lig. between the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone (lig. hyothyreoideum med. et lat. and others). Connective tissue bundles, reinforced by muscle bundles, help to fix the organ in place (lig. cardinalia uteri, lig. rotunda uteri and others, Lig. of the urinary bladder, prostate gland, thyroid gland and other organs). A large number of ligaments of internal organs are formed by duplicatures of serous covers: peritoneum [lig. hepato-gastricum (see vol. XXIV, art. 533, fig. 11), Lg phrenico-lienale, gastro-lienale and others], pleura (lig. pulmonale). The serous ligaments of internal organs do not have the main strengthening role. They are formed as a result of the complex development of the corresponding serous cover and its relationships (in the initial and subsequent periods) with the corresponding internal organs (their position).-Names of ligaments are given depending on their position (lig. collateralia, lig. interossea, etc.), on color (lig. flava), on shape (lig. deltoideum, lig. conicum), on length and position [lig. longitudinale ant. (post.) (see vol. XXVI, art. 118, fig. 18), lig. plantare longum], on the bones they connect [lig. calcaneo-tibiale (see vol. VII, art. 459, fig. 4), lig. interclaviculare] and so on. Often a whole group of ligaments is united under one name - apparatus ligamentosus (app. lig. sinus tarsi, of the back and palmar surface of the bone, etc.). Most terms used to name ligaments have synonyms.